Niigata(Niigata Prefecture,(British: Niigata Prefecture) IsJapan OfPrefecture.Prefectural office location TheNiigata.

Overview

HonshuIt is located in the north-central part of the country and has an elongated area from northeast to southwest. Remote island OfSado Island-AwashimaAlso has.

areaIs about 12,584 km²And then 47Prefectures5th among them.coastalThe length of the line is about 634.0 kmIs^{[Note 1][2]}.

populationIs about 220 million people, 47th out of 15 prefectures (2019/At the time of estimation)^[3].. Detail is"#populationSee below in the section.

Classification within the prefecture

From a geographical point of view, the prefecture is generally as follows:Joetsu region-Chuetsu region-Shimoetsu district-Sado regionIt is roughly divided into 4 areas^[4].

• Joetsu region --Western part of the prefecture.Joetsu City-Itoigawa-Myoko City3CityConsists of^[4].
• Chuetsu region --Central part of the prefecture.Nagaoka-Sanjo City-Kashiwazaki-Minamiuonuma CityConsists of^[4].
• Shimoetsu district --Northeastern part of the prefecture.Niigata-Shibata City-Murakami City-Tsubame CityConsists of^[4].
• Sado region - Sado Island.Sado CityConsists of only^[4].

Detail is"#areaSee below in the section.

Major cities

maincityAs,populationThe top three cities are as follows.These are also the largest cities in each region.

• Niigata(Kaetsu region) --A little less than 80 people.Government-designated city.
• Nagaoka(Chuetsu region) -Over 26 people.Special city at the time of enforcement.
• Joetsu City(Joetsu region) -19 servings.Special city at the time of enforcement.

In addition, in descending order of populationShibata City-Sanjo City-Kashiwazaki-Tsubame City-Murakami City-Minamiuonuma City-Sado City-TokamachiEtc. (Population of 5 or more.2021/As of January 1st)^[5].

Detail is"#CitySee below in the section.

History

The prefecture name isPrefectural office locationIsNiigataDerived from.

Ancient timesIsVietnamIt was the territory of (Koshinokuni).

Goki ShichidoInHokuriku RoadOccupies the eastern half ofRegulatory countryIn (old country)Echigo country(Echigo no Kuni) andSadoIt corresponds to the whole area of ​​the two countries.Together with this country nameKoshisaSometimes called (Essa)^[6].

Meiji RestorationとAbandoned DomainImmediately after, there are as many as 13 in the area that corresponds to the current Niigata prefecture.Clan,PrefectureWas standing side by side^[7]..Later, through integration,1876/(MeijiBy 9 years) with Niigata prefecture (old)Kashiwazaki PrefectureとAikawa PrefectureBy merging the three prefectures with, it became an area almost equal to the current Niigata prefecture.^[7].

And1886/(Meiji 19)FukushimaからHigashikanbara-gunTo Niigata PrefectureTransferBy doing so, the current shape of Niigata Prefecture was established.^[7].

Detail is"#historySee section.

Prefecture badge

The prefectural emblem is the one in which the word "new" is broken is placed on the center, and the area around it is surrounded by a round design of "play". In addition to the prefecture emblem, a symbol mark has also been established.

Adjacent prefectures

Adjacent to the following 5 prefectures.

• Yamagata(North side)
• Fukushima(Eastern side)
• Gunma(South side)
• Nagano(Southwest side)
• Toyama(West)

Geography

clip

Topographic map around the Echigo Plain

Terrain / topography

NorthwestSea of ​​JapanFacing.From northeast to southwestAsahi mountain area-Echigo mountain range-Kukujo mountain massSurrounded by mountains such as, with other prefecturesPrefectural borderTo form.

Flowing from the Echigo MountainsShinano River,Agano RiverIn the basin (central and northern part of the prefecture),Echigo PlainSpreads^[8]..Shinano River is the longest in JapanRiverIs^[9]..Echigo Plain is the second largest in JapanAlluvial plainIs^[10],Sea of ​​Japan coast Of平野Is the largest^[8].

またKukujo mountain mass OfYakeyamaFlow fromSekigawaIn the basin (western part of the prefecture)Takada PlainSpreads^[11][12].

Main mountains and hills

Echigo mountain range,Mikuni Mountains,Hida Mountains,Asahi mountain area,Mt. Iidesan Land,Mt. Kushigatayama vein,Kukujo mountain mass,Eastern cervical castle hills,Uonuma Hills,Niitsu Hills

Main mountain

Mt. Myokosan,Mt. Hakai,Mt. Makihatayama,Mt.,Mount Kinjo,Mount Sakado,Mt.,Mt. Uonuma Komagatake,Mt. Kinpokusan,Mt. Niigatayakeyama,Mt. Yoneyama,Mt. Naebayama,Small lotus flower mountain,Mt. Hiuchiyama,Mt. Iidesan,Mt. Sumondake,Mt. Gozusan,Mt. Ninoujidake,Mt. Nakanodake,Mt. Hiragatake,Mt. Yukikuradake,Mt. Asahidake,Mt. Saburyuyama,Tanigawadake

Main pass

Yasurigoe,Sixty-seven crossings,Mikuni Pass,Shimizu Pass,Sozatoge Pass,Kuzuha Pass,Nojiri slope pass

Main plains

Echigo Plain,Takada Plain,Kuninaka Plain

Main basin

Uonuma Basin,Tokamachi basin

Main river

Shinano River,Agano River,Shibukai River,Uono River,Arakawa,Sanmen River,Sekigawa,Himekawa,Kofu River,Igarashi River

Main lakes and lagoons

Lake Kamo,Hyoko,Okutadami Lake,Fukushimagata,Toriya Nogata,Sagata

Main manned islands

Sado Island,Awashima

• 

  Shinano River

• 

  Echigo Plain

• 

  Mt. Myokosan

• 

  Sado Island OfTwo turtles

• 

  HasagiとEchigo Miyama

park

nature Park

• National park

Bandai Asahi National Park,Oze National Park,Joshinetsu Kogen National Park,Myoko Togakushi Mountains National Park,Chubu Mountain National Park

• National park

Yahiko Sado Mt. Yoneyama National Monument,Echigo Miyama Tadami Quasi-National Park

• Prefectural nature park

Uonuma Mountain Range Prefectural Nature Park

City park

• National park

Echigo Hillside National Government Park

• 

  Echigo Hillside Park

climate

The whole prefectureSea of ​​Japan side climateAndHeavy snowfallReceived designation (some special heavy snowfall areas).The amount of snowfall and snowfall in the mountains is one of the largest in the world.Tsunan Town,Tokamachi,Uonuma CityIn such areas, the average snow depth exceeds 2 m even in urban areas, and Tokamachi CityMatsunoyamaIn, snow depths over 4 m are often observed.^[13]. Also,Joetsu CityItakura WardIt is said that there was a snow depth of 1927 cm in February 2 in the village of Mt.^[14].. on the other hand,Kashiwazaki,NiigataThere is not much snow cover in the coastal areas such asGeography of Niigata City # SnowSee).

It also flows through the Kaetsu region.Agano RiverOn the west sideclimate-Climate Hokuriku regionMold, on the east sideTohoku regionBe a type^[8].

Sea of ​​Japan OfWarm current(Tsushima Current) InfluencelatitudeBecause of the high winter temperature and short sunshine hoursRadiation coolingIs unlikely to occur, and it does not get very cold in the morning and evening.Therefore, the snow that falls has a lot of moisture and is heavy in nature.

summer OftemperatureAverages 25 ℃Before and afterKanto regionIs almost the same as^[15]. However,typhoonIn the seasonFern phenomenonIn rare cases, an abnormally high temperature may be observed due to the influence of. On September 2020, 9Sanjo City,Wombai cityIn addition to observing a temperature of over 9 ° C, which is the highest in Japan for September, on August 40, 2019,Itoigawa,Sado CityAt several points in the prefecture, such as Aikawa, the lowest temperature did not fall below 30 ° C, setting the highest record for the lowest temperature in Japan.

Oceanic climateIsSado IslandIs warm in winter and has more rainy days than snow.

Daylight hoursAlthough winter is short, the climate from late spring to early autumn is longer and clearer than in the Pacific region.

■Cumulative amount of snowfall: The total amount of snowfall per day for the entire season (normal value)

■Deepest snow: Maximum snow depth of the season (normal value)

■Coldest month temperature: Average temperature in the coldest month (January) (normal value)

* For comparison with other prefectures, see "Geography of Niigata City # Snow""Snowfall #Record of snowfall (Japan)""Snow cover # Deepest snow cover average and extremumSee each article.

Region

Administrative division

It is divided into the following 4 regions^{[17][Note 3]}. However,Sado IslandLocal boundaries other than may not be clear.

• Joetsu region
• Chuetsu region
• Shimoetsu district
• Sado region(Consists of Sado City only)

Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.euThese four regions are also reported, and weather warnings and warnings are further detailed in 4 regions.^{[Note 4]} Will be announced every^[18].

In addition, in Niigata Prefecture, the area around Sanjo City and Tsubame City, which is generally located near the boundary between the Chuetsu region and the Kaetsu region,Central prefecture areaIn the Chuetsu regionMinamiuonuma City,Ojiya,TokamachiAroundUonuma area, In the Shimoetsu districtAgano RiverNorthAgakita,Prefecture northSometimes called.

Niigata prefecture has a large area, so2000/(HeiseiAt the stage of 12, there were 112 municipalities (at that time).Hokkaido,NaganoNext to the third place in Japan).HoweverGreat Heisei mergerBy2010/By April (22), there are 4 municipalities.

As for the counties, all are in the state of only one town and village, except that Iwafune-gun has two villages.

There are the following 20 cities, 9 counties, 6 towns and 4 villages.^[17].. All towns are read as "towns" and all villages are read as "mura."

市町村

Joetsu region

• Joetsu City(Special City at Enforcement)
• Itoigawa
• Myoko City

Chuetsu region

• Nagaoka(Special City at Enforcement)
• Sanjo City
• Kashiwazaki
• Ojiya
• Kamo City
• Tokamachi
• Mitsuke City
• Uonuma City
• Minamiuonuma City
• Minamikanbara-gun
  • Tagami Town
• Mishima
  • Izumozaki Town
• Minamiuonuma District
  • Yuzawa Town
• Nakauonuma-gun
  • Tsunan Town
• Kariwa
  • Kariwa Village

Shimoetsu district

• Niigata(Prefectural office location-Government-designated city）
  • Administrative district: Kita - Higashi Ward - Chuo - Konan ward - Akiba - South ward - Nishi-ward - Nishikan Ward
• Shibata City
• Murakami City
• Tsubame City
• Gosen City
• Agano City
• Wombai city
• Kitabamabara-gun
  • Seiromachi
• Nishikanbara-gun
  • Yahiko Village
• Higashikanbara-gun
  • Aga Town
• Iwafune-gun
  • Sekikawa
  • Awashimaura Village

Sado region

• Sado City(One island, one city)

Area classification

Wide administrative area

1969/FormulationNew National Comprehensive Development PlanA wide-area living area (wide-area municipal area) starting from (New Zenso) was set as 14 area (initially 12 area) in Niigata prefecture, and became a wide-area administrative unit.^[19].Great Heisei mergerSince then, the example of becoming one city within the area has appeared, so the breakdown is 9 regional administrative areas and 5 cities,Cooperation Central urban area plan-Sedentary areaMany were disbanded due to the appearance of a new system such as a concept^[20](In the case of one city in the area, the area name isItalic ).

• Iwafune area(Murakami City,Sekikawa,Awashimaura Village ―― 1 city 2 village) ―― Iwafune-gunEqual to the original range of.
• Shibata area(Shibata City,Wombai city,Seiromachi -2 cities and 1 town)
• Niigata area(Niigata,Agano City -2 cities)
• Gosen area(Gosen City,Aga Town -1 cities and 1 town)
• Sanjo / Tsubame area(Sanjo City,Tsubame City,Kamo City,Tagami Town,Yahiko Village --3 cities, 1 town, 1 village)- Central prefecture areabe equivalent to.
• Nagaoka area(Nagaoka,Ojiya,Mitsuke City,Izumozaki Town-3 cities and 1 town)
• Kashiwazaki area(Kashiwazaki,Kariwa Village -1 city and 1 villages)
• Uonuma area (Uonuma City -1 cities)
• Minami Uonuma area(Minamiuonuma City,Yuzawa Town --1 city, 1 town)- Minamiuonuma DistrictIs equal to the original range of.
• Tokamachi area(Tokamachi,Tsunan Town -1 cities and 1 town)
• Joetsu area (Joetsu City -1 cities)
• Myoko area (Myoko City -1 cities)
• Itoigawa area (Itoigawa --1 city)- Nishikubiki-gunIs almost equal to the original range of.
• Sado area (Sado City ―― 1 city)-OldSado(Kamo-gun-Hamo District-Zota District)be equivalent to.

population

Meiji period population

The most populous prefecture

Niigata PrefectureOnce the largest population in JapanPrefectureMet..The range of this prefecture is almost the same as the present1874/(MeijiFrom 7 years)1896/Over the 29 years up to (Meiji 23), the population of this prefecture changed from about 140 million to 170 million statistically, and in 8 years excluding 15 years, it had the largest number of inhabitants in all prefectures.^[21][22].

Specifically, in 1874, Niigata Prefecture (the jurisdiction at that time wasJoetsuOnly)Kashiwazaki Prefecture(The jurisdiction isJoetsu-Chuetsu),Echigo countryAfter having jurisdiction over almost the entire area, in 1876Aikawa Prefecture(Sado IslandThe whole area of) was merged.This prefecture has the largest population in the last three years^[22].

Returned after giving up the most to Ishikawa Prefecture

However, the next1877/From (Meiji 10)1881/For up to 5 yearsIshikawa ToyamaThe entire area ofFukui OfReihoku region"Oishikawa PrefectureWas^{[Note 5]} Therefore, the 1st place was handed over to Ishikawa Prefecture.^[22].

After that, Fukui and Toyama prefectures became independent one after another from Ishikawa prefecture.^{[Note 6]}As the population of Ishikawa Prefecture became smaller,1882/From (Meiji 15)1883/Niigata Prefecture became the largest number until (Meiji 16)^[22].

Returned after giving up the most to Osaka Prefecture

But next time1884/From (Meiji 17)1886/In the three years until (Meiji 19),Osaka NaraWas annexed the whole area of^{[Note 7]} Therefore, the 1st place was handed over to Osaka Prefecture.^[22]..In 1886Higashikanbara-gun(CurrentAga Town)ButFukushimaWith the transfer from Niigata Prefecture to Niigata Prefecture, the scope of this prefecture has become the same as it is today.

After that, Nara prefecture became independent from Osaka prefecture, and the population of Osaka prefecture became smaller.1887/Niigata Prefecture kept the most for 20 consecutive years from (Meiji 1896) to 10.^[22].

Give up the most to Tokyo Prefecture

But,1897/(Meiji 30)Tokyo(CurrentTokyo) Was the largest, and the population of this prefecture was never the largest after that.^[22].

Factors with a large population

ModernPrevious JapanUrbanizationHas not progressed, and nearly 9% of the inhabitantsAgriculture:The life was made up by.for that reason,Rice cultivationVast suitable forEchigo PlainHoldingYieldNiigata Prefecture, which has a large population, had a high ability to recharge the population.^[23].

さ ら に19st centuryThe previous means of transportationShippingIs the mainstream, especially this prefecture is in contactSea of ​​JapanNavigatingKitamaebuneIt is,The Pacific OceanIt was possible to navigate more safely and cheaply.Therefore, including this prefectureSea of ​​Japan sideThe area prospered by logistics.1878/According to the demographics of (Meiji 11), it is also on the Sea of ​​Japan side.KanazawaIs the 5th largest city in JapanToyamaWas also the 9th largest city in Japan (note thatNiigataWas out of the top 10)^[22].

Also, according to author Hiroki Tatsui, Niigata Prefecture andHokuriku regionThen.Jodo ShinshuSuch asBuddhismFaith was strong^[22]..Therefore, all over JapanRural"Thinning"(NewbornParents kill.povertyBy) and "For sale(Parents give a girlBrothelTo sell to.(Due to poverty) was very small in this prefecture and Hokuriku, and it was easy for the population to increase.^[22].

However, after the Meiji eraIndustrializationWith the progress ofPacific beltThe zone has developed andTrainWith the spread of sea shipping, shipping has declined.Along with that, from the Sea of ​​Japan side including this prefectureTokyo-Osaka such asPacific Ocean side OfBig cityAndSettlement OfHokkaidoThe population has flowed out^[22].

Population after Showa

CensusThe population of this prefecture in^[24],1940/(ShowaOver 15 million people in 200),1955/In (30), the number was 247.3 million, but1970/In (Showa 45), the number decreased to 236.1 million.After that, it increased,1985/In 60, it reached 247.8.1997/(Heisei9 people (249 years)Estimated population) Recorded the peak.

After that, it has been on a downward trend.^[25],2005/(17) 243.1 people (14th place nationwide),2010/In 22, the number was 237.1 thousand. In particular, the number of young people aged 18 to 24 is seriously decreasing due to reasons such as going on to school or getting a job.

Population distribution by age in Niigata prefecture and Japan (2005)	Niigata Prefecture Population Distribution by Age and Gender (2005)
■Purple-Niigata ■Green-All over Japan	■Blue-male ■Red-female
Changes in the population of Niigata Prefecture
Ministry of Internal Affairs and CommunicationsStatistics Bureau CensusThan

city

Niigata Prefecture Population Ranking by City

• 

  1.Niigata(Ordinance city）

• 

  2.Nagaoka(Special city）

• 

  3.Joetsu City(Special city）

• 

  4.Shibata City

• 

  5.Sanjo City

• 

  6.Kashiwazaki

• 

  7.Tsubame City

• 

  8.Murakami City

• 

  9.Minamiuonuma City

• 

  10.Sado City

Metropolitan area

Over 10Urban employment area(2015% urban area as of 10 Census)

• Niigata metropolitan area(106)
• Nagaoka metropolitan area(35)
• Joetsu metropolitan area(23)
• Sanjo metropolitan area(21)

History

Ancient times

• About 3 years agoJomon PeriodOver ten thousand years untilPaleolithicWithinLate PaleolithicI said. And about 200 archaeological sites are known in this prefecture. At that timestone toolasKnife shaped stonewareWas flourishing^[26].
• Emperor SojinAnnual- Kubiki KuzoAnd Takashi Fukae Kunizo is installed
• Dahua3 years(647/)-YueEzoTo prepare forToe fence(Nutari-no-ki, near Niigata City) is built
• Dahua 4 years (648/)- Banfune fence(Iwafunenoki, near Murakami City, Niigata Prefecture)ShinanoからFence door(Sakuko) is dispatched
• Niigata PrefectureKoshi (Etsu) countryWas a part ofEchizen-Etchu-EchigoWas divided into three countries

Modern

• 1860/(Ansei7 years)May 1 - US-Japan Amity and Trade TreatyByNiigata PortOpen port

Meiji

• 1868/(MeijiFirst year)- Boshin War(Battle of Hokuetsu) Outbreak.New government army captures Nagaoka Castle and controls Echigo

Early Showa period

• 1945/(Showa20 years)- Nagaoka air raid

modern

Late Showa period

• 1955/(30)May 10 - Niigata FireOutbreak
• 1959/(Showa 34)- Niigata Red Cross Center Bombing Attempt^[27]
• 1964/(39)May 6 - NiigataNational bodyHolding
• 1973/(Showa 48)- People's Republic of China OfShip Invasion of territorial watersToothSado IslandApproaching,missileIncident occurs to test fire
• 1978/(Showa 53)- Hokuriku ExpresswayPartial opening (between Niigata City (Kurosaki Town at the time) and Nagaoka City)
• 1982/(57)May 11 - Joetsu ShinkansenProvisional opening (between Niigata and Omiya)
• 1985/(60)
  • March-Joetsu ShinkansenUeno StationStart boarding
  • 10 month - Kanetsu ExpresswayAll lines opened
• 1988/(Showa 63)- Hokuriku ExpresswayAll lines opened

Heisei

• 1991/(Heisei3 years)-Joetsu ShinkansenTokyo StationStart boarding
• 1996/(8)-Prefecture capitalNiigata Core citySpecified to
• 1997/(9)- Banetsu ExpresswayAll lines opened
• 1999/(11)May 10 - Joshinetsu ExpresswayAll lines opened
• 2000/(12) January-Scandal of Niigata Prefectural Police Chief (Yukimi Sake Case,Niigata Girl Confinement CaseIn relation to)
• 2002/(14) June- Sea of ​​Japan Tohoku ExpresswayNiigata Airport IC~Seiro Shibata ICThe space is open. In October of the same yearNakajo ICStretched to.
• 2002/(14) June- Niigata StadiumAt2002 World Cup SoccerOpening game held by the Japanese side
• 2007/(19)May 4 - Niigata Government-designated cityAnd againNagaokaとJoetsu City Special cityMove to
• May 2008-Held the G20 Labor Ministers' Meeting
• 2009- Tokimeki Niigata National Athletic MeetOpening
• 2011-Niigata Chinese Consulate General Moves Bandai Elementary School SiteOccurs.
• 2012/(24)May 9 - Sea of ​​JapanAkita Prefecture, Yamagata Prefecture, Niigata Prefecture, Toyama Prefecture, Ishikawa Prefecture, Fukui Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Hyogo Prefecture, Tottori Prefecture, Shimane PrefecturePromotion of ocean energy resource development Japan Sea UnionEstablished^{[28][29][30][31]}
• 2015/(27)May 3 - Hokuriku ShinkansenThe section in Niigata Prefecture is opened.Echigo Tokimeki RailwayOpened.

Disaster history

Major disaster

• 863/May 7 - Etchu / Echigo Earthquake
• 1502/May 1 --Echigo Earthquake
• 1665/ - Echigo Takada Earthquake
• 1714/ - Shinano Otani Earthquake
• 1751/ - Takada earthquake
• 1828/ - Sanjo earthquake
• 1833/ - Shonai-oki Earthquake
• 1896/(Meiji29 years)May 7 - Yokota slice
• 1961/(36)
  • May 2 - Nagaoka earthquake
  • May 9 - Second Muroto Typhoon
• 1963/(Showa 38)- Heavy snowfall in January 38(Sampachi heavy snowfall) ・Disruption of the transportation network between Tokyo and Niigata
• 1964/(Showa 39)- Niigata earthquake
• 1965/(Showa 40)- Typhoon No. 40 in 24
• 1966/(Showa 41)- Shimoetsu flood damage(7.17 flood damage)
• 1967/(Showa 42)- Heavy rain(8.28 flood damage)
• 1977/(52) January-February- XNUMX heavy snowfall
• 1978/(Showa 53) June- Rainy season front
• 1980/(55) end- 1981/(Showa 56)- Heavy snowfall
• 1982/(57)May 9 - Typhoon No. 57 in 18
• 1984/(59) January-February- XNUMX heavy snowfall
• 1985/(59) January --February --1 heavy snowfall
• 1986/(61) January-February- Sixty-one heavy snowfall
• 1995/(Heisei7 years) Summer- 7.11 flood damage-7 rainy season front heavy rain
• 1998/(10)
  • May 4 - Niigata Prefecture Northern Earthquake
  • 8 month - August 10, heavy rainfall in Niigata(8.4 flood damage)
• 2004/(16)
  • May 7 - July 16 Heavy rainfall in Niigata and Fukushima(7.13 flood damage)
  • May 10 - Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake
• 2005/(17) December-To the next year18 heavy snowfall.. Updated the maximum amount of snow in the history of observation in various places.Niigata blackoutOccurrence.
• 2007- Niigata Chuetsu-oki Earthquake
• 2011/(23)
  • 1 month - 23 heavy snowfall
  • May 3 - Nagano Prefecture Northern Earthquake
  • May 7 - May 7 - July 23 Heavy rainfall in Niigata and Fukushima
• 2012/(24) January-February- 24 heavy snowfall
• 2013/(25) June- 25 heavy snowfall
• 2016/(28)May 12 - Itoigawa City Large-scale FireOutbreak
• 2018/(30) June- 30 heavy snowfall
• 2019/(ReiwaFirst year)
  • May 6 - Yamagata Prefecture Earthquake.Murakami CityObserved a seismic intensity of 6 or more at Fuya.
  • May 10 - May 10 - First Year of Reiwa East Typhoon.. Within the prefectureShinano River,Agano RiverFloodedNagaoka,Aga TownInundation damage occurred in various places.
• 2020/(2rd year of Reiwa) April- 2021/(3rd year of Reiwa) April- Reiwa 3rd year heavy snowfall

Changes in administrative areas

Change of prefecture

Parentheses indicate the current municipality of the prefectural office.

• 1868/May 5(4th year of Keio = the first year of Meiji)Lunar calendar November 4):Niigata Magistrate's OfficeInstead ofNiigata CourtInstall
• 1868/May 5(Keio 4th yearLunar calendar November 4):Sado Magistrate's OfficeInstead ofSado CourtInstall
• 1868/May 7(Keio 4th yearLunar calendar November 5 : Echigo countryToEchigofu(First,Joetsu City(I.e. ⇒ Kashiwazaki) Installed
• 1868/May 9(Keio 4th yearLunar calendar November 7): From EchigofuKashiwazaki Prefecture(First, Kashiwazaki City) separated
• 1868/May 10(Keio 4th yearLunar calendar November 9): Instead of the Sado CourtSado prefecture(Sado CityoldMano Town) Installed
• 1868/May 11(First year of MeijiLunar calendar November 9): EchigofuNiigata Prefecture(Kashiwazaki City ⇒ Nagaoka ⇒ Niigata) Renamed
• 1868/May 12(First year of MeijiLunar calendar November 11): Kashiwazaki Prefecture merged with Niigata Prefecture (not executed only by Nuno), and Sado Prefecture is now under the jurisdiction of Niigata Prefecture (de facto incorporation)
• 1869/May 3(Meiji 2Lunar calendar November 2): From Niigata PrefectureEchigofu(First,Agano CityoldSuwon Town) Is separated and replaced
• 1869/May 4(Meiji 2Lunar calendar November 2): Niigata Prefecture was renamed Niigata Prefecture (first). Reissued the abolition of Kashiwazaki Prefecture and the merger with Echigofu. Sado prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Echigo prefecture for the time being.
• 1869/May 6(Meiji 2Lunar calendar November 5):IwashiroToWakamatsu Prefecture(Aizuwakamatsu) Installed,Kambara-gunOld ofAizu DomainTerritory (currentHigashikanbara-gun) Has jurisdiction
• 1869/May 7(Meiji 2Lunar calendar November 6):Redemption - May 8( Lunar calendar November 6By the way, the following 10 feudal lords in Echigo (Princes)ButWisdomWas appointed to

Murakami Domain(Murakami City),Kurokawa Domain(Wombai cityoldKurokawa Village),Mikkaichi Domain(Shibata CityMikkaichi),Shibata Domain(Shibata City),Muramatsu Domain(Gosen CityoldMuramatsu Town),Mineyama Domain(NiigataoldMakimachi),Nagaoka Domain(Nagaoka City),Yoita Domain(NagaokaoldYoita Town),Shiiya Domain(Shiiya, Kashiwazaki City)Takada Domain(Takada, Joetsu City),Kiyosaki Domain(Itoigawa）

• 1869/May 8(Meiji 2Lunar calendar November 7): For the time being, the jurisdiction of Echigo Prefecture was lifted, and Sado Prefecture (Sado CityAikawa) Is replaced
• 1869/May 9(Meiji 2Lunar calendar November 7): Merged Echigo and Niigata prefectures,Suwon(Former Suwon Town, Agano City)
• 1869/May 9(Meiji 2Lunar calendar November 8): From SuwonKashiwazaki Prefecture(First, Kashiwazaki City) separated
• 1870/May 4(Meiji 3Lunar calendar November 3): Abolished Suwon Prefecture and established Niigata Prefecture (second, Niigata City)
• 1870/May 11(Meiji 3Lunar calendar November 10): Abolished Nagaoka domain and transferred to Kashiwazaki prefecture
• 1870/May 11(Meiji 3Lunar calendar November 10): The Mine Mountain ClanMineoka DomainRenamed to (Former Makimachi, Niigata City)
• 1871/May 8(Meiji 4Lunar calendar November 7):Abandoned Domain -The following prefectures have been established in the current Niigata prefecture area, including those that changed from the former clan to the prefecture

Murakami prefecture, Mikkaichi prefecture, Kurokawa prefecture, Shibata prefecture, Muramatsu prefecture, Mineoka prefecture, Niigata prefecture, Kashiwazaki prefecture, Yoita prefecture, Shiiya prefecture, Takada prefecture, Kiyosaki prefecture, Sado prefecture

• The former Aizu domain in Kambara-gun continues to be part of Wakamatsu Prefecture

• 1871/May 12(Meiji 4Lunar calendar November 11): Established the following 3 prefectures by integrating prefectures
  • Niigata(3rd, Niigata City): Shimoetsu 2 counties (Kamabara and Iwafune)-Murakami, Mikkaichi, Kurokawa, Shibata, Muramatsu, Mineoka, Niigata
  • Kashiwazaki Prefecture(3rd, Kashiwazaki City): Jo, Chuetsu 5 counties (Kibuki, Kariwa, Uonuma, Mishima, Koshi)-Integrate Yoita, Shiiya, Takada, Kiyosaki and Kashiwazaki prefectures
  • Aikawa Prefecture(Former Aikawa Town, Sado City): Renamed Sado Prefecture
• 1873/(6th year of Meiji)May 6: Abolished Kashiwazaki Prefecture and merged with Niigata Prefecture
• 1876/(9th year of Meiji)May 4: Abolished Aikawa Prefecture and merged with Niigata Prefecture
  • (1876/(9th year of Meiji)May 8: Abolished Wakamatsu Prefecture,Bandai prefectureと と も にFukushimaMerged with)
• 1886/(19th year of Meiji)May 5: Transferred Higashikanbara District from Fukushima Prefecture to Niigata Prefecture

Establishment of Niigata Prefecture

Currently Niigata PrefectureUS-Japan Amity and Trade TreatyByOpen portSpecified inNiigataHold in the pipe,Boshin WarSince it became one of the main battlefields of Japan, the transition until its establishment was more complicated than in other prefectures. The transition until the establishment of Niigata Prefecture (second) in 1 (Meiji 1870) is "Echigofu"and"Kashiwazaki PrefectureSee section.

• 1870/May 4(Meiji 3Lunar calendar November 3),Echigo countryIncluding NiigataJoetsuIt had jurisdiction over the government-controlled land in 2 counties (Kamabara and Iwafune)SuwonWas abolished and the prefectural government moved to NiigataNiigata(Second) was established. ** At that time, in addition to Niigata prefecture, the current prefecture area has jurisdiction over the government-controlled areas in the five counties of Kamijo and Chuetsu (Kubijo, Kariwa, Uonuma, Santo, and Koshi).Kashiwazaki Prefecture,SadoHave jurisdiction over the entire areaSado prefecture, And was divided and controlled by 10 clans that had a clan office within the prefecture. In addition, in Kambara-gunAizu DomainTerritoryWakamatsu PrefectureWas under the jurisdiction of.
• 1871/May 8(Meiji 4Lunar calendar November 7)ofAbandoned DomainThrough the same yearMay 12(Lunar calendar November 11The former 2 prefectures of Shimoetsu 5 counties and the former 5 prefectures of 4 Joetsu/Chuetsu districts (Nagaoka DomainHad already been transferred to Kashiwazaki Prefecture) but merged with Kashiwazaki Prefecture,Niigata(3rd),Kashiwazaki Prefecture(3rd) and again in Sado prefectureAikawa PrefectureWas renamed.
• 1873/Kashiwazaki Prefecture in (Meiji 6)1876/Aikawa prefecture was abolished in (Meiji 9) and merged into Niigata prefecture one after another, and Niigata prefecture has unified jurisdiction over Koshisa and Ryogoku.
• 1886/(19th year of Meiji), after going through Wakamatsu PrefectureFukushimaPart of Kambara-gun, which was under the jurisdiction of (1878/Since the transfer of (Higashi-Kabahara-gun) to Niigata Prefecture (Meiji 11), the current prefecture area of ​​Niigata Prefecture has been established.

Changes in the county

• 1869/(Meiji 2): In the current Niigata prefecture area, there were the following country counties
  • Echigo country
    • Iwafune-gun,Kambara-gun,Mishima,Koshi-gun,Uonuma District,Kariwa, Kubiki-gun
  • Sado
    • Zota-gun, Kamo-gun, Hamo-gun
• 1878/(Meiji 11):County, town and village organization lawKambara-gun, Uonuma-gun, and Kubiki-gun were divided into 1 district and 22 districts in Niigata prefecture, and 1 district in Echigo country belonged to Fukushima prefecture.
  • Kambara-gunNiigata Ward-Kitabamabara-gun-Nakakanbara-gun-Nishikanbara-gun-Minamikanbara-gun-Higashikanbara-gunHigashikanbara county belongs to Fukushima prefecture
  • Uonuma-gunKitauonuma District-Minamiuonuma District-Nakauonuma-gunSplit into
  • Kubiki-gunHigashikubiki-Nakakubiki District-Nishikubiki-gunSplit into
  • As usual: Iwafune, Mishima, Koshi, Kariwa, Zota, Kamo, Hamo
• 1886/(19th year of Meiji)May 5: Higashi-Kabahara County was transferred from Fukushima Prefecture, and now Niigata Prefecture has 1 district and 23 districts
• 1889/(22th year of Meiji)May 4 : Municipal system-Municipal systemNiigata Ward becomes Niigata City
• 1896/(Meiji 29) April 4: In Niigata PrefecturePrefecture system-County systemWas implemented and the three Sado counties (Zota, Kamo, Hamo) were integrated.Sado-gunIn Niigata prefecture, there will be 1 city and 21 counties.
• 2004/(16)May 3: Sado-gun disappeared due to merger of municipalities
• 2005/(17)May 3: Nishikubiki-gun disappeared due to merger of municipalities
• 2005/(17) April 4: Higashi-kubiki-gun, Naka-kubiki-gun and Koshi-gun disappear due to the merger of municipalities
• 2006/(18)May 1: Nakagahara-gun disappeared due to merger of municipalities
• 2010/(22)May 3: Kita-Uonuma District disappeared due to merger of municipalities

Abolished municipalities/counties

Abolished municipalitiesList of abolished municipalities in Niigata PrefectureSee.

Abandoned county

• Higashikubiki
• Nishikubiki-gun
• Nakakubiki District
• Koshi-gun
• Kitauonuma District
• Nakakanbara-gun
• Sado-gun

• 

  2000 years(HeiseiAdministrative map of 12) (before the Great Heisei merger).

• 

  2006 years(Heisei18) Administrative map at the end of March. The former municipalities are shown in gray.

Politics

Administration

Prefectural governor

• Governor : Hanazono Hideyo(Hideyo Hanami, 1st term)

Successive governors (public election)

• Shohei Okada(2nd term,1947/(22)May 4 - 1955/(30)May 4）
• Kazuo Kitamura(2nd term,1955/(30)May 4 - 1961/(36)May 11）
• Juichiro Tsukada(2nd term,1961/(36)May 12 - 1966/(41)May 3）
• Watashirou(2nd term,1966/(41)May 5 - 1974/(49)May 4）
• Takeo Kimi(4nd term,1974/(49)May 5 - 1989/(XNUMX)May 4）
• Kiyoshi Kaneko(1nd term,1989/(XNUMX)May 6 - 1992/(4)May 9）
• Hirayama Seio(3nd term,1992/(4)May 10 - 2004/(16)May 10）
• Hirohiko Izumida(3nd term,2004/(16)May 10 - 2016/(28)May 10）
• Mt. Yoneyama Ryuichi(1nd term,2016/(28)May 10 - 2018/(30)May 4）
• Hanazono Hideyo(2018/(30)May 6-)

finance

Degree of 2007

• Financial capability index 0.43
  • II Group (Financial Power Index 0.4 or more, less than 0.5) 11th among 7 municipalities

Degree of 2006

• Fiscal strength index 0.40
  • II Group (Financial Power Index 0.4 or more, less than 0.5) 9th among 9 municipalities
• Real debt service ratio 15.2
• Current account ratio 91.6
• Municipal bonds per capita Current amount 103 yen Ordinary account only
• Laspeyres index 100.9

Balance of local bonds, etc.

• Municipal bonds for ordinary account 2 billion yen
• Municipal bonds for special accounts other than the above 1773 billion yen
• Debt for some related administrative associations: 8 million yen (debt x burden ratio)
• Debts related to debt guarantee of the third sector, etc. ¥3 billion Niigata Prefecture Violence Expulsion Campaign Promotion Center, etc.

Total amount of municipal bonds, etc. ¥2 billion (consolidated accounting)

Degree of 2005

• Fiscal strength index 0.38
  • Group III (financial power index 0.3 or more, less than 0.4) 14th out of 5 municipalities

Degree of 2004

• Fiscal strength index 0.36
  • Group III (financial power index 0.3 or more, less than 0.4) 13th out of 5 municipalities

Niigata State Plan

2011/(23)May 1ToHirohiko IzumidaWith Governor NiigataAkira ShinodaAt a joint conference by the Mayor of Niigata,TokyoIn line with the current Niigata cityspecial areaTo other cities, towns and villages, and further mergers, with a population of 30Basic municipalityThe state transition plan was announced. Also, the authority of each special ward and basic municipality is assumed to be at a level higher than that of the current 23 special wards of Tokyo.^[32].

Parliament

House of Representatives OfSmall districtIs 6.House of CouncilorsThen, 1 ward is constructed in all prefectures.

House of Representatives

• Niigata Prefecture second ward : Chinami Nishimura
• Niigata Prefecture second ward : Kenichi Hosoda
• Niigata Prefecture second ward : Hiroaki Saito
• Niigata Prefecture second ward : Makiko Kikuta
• Niigata Prefecture second ward : Mt. Yoneyama Ryuichi
• Niigata Prefecture second ward : Mamoru Umetani

House of Councilors

Niigata Prefecture Election District

• 2022 election
  • Yuko Mori
• 2025 election
  • Uchikoshi Sakura

Economic and industrial

2016/(28) degree of gross domestic product is nominally 8 billion yen^[33].. Of the majority of countries in the world GDP Have a larger scale. Prefectural income is 6 billion yen^[33], Per capita income is 282.6 million yen^[33].

Primary industry

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

Agriculture is one of the major industries.RiceProduct (Koshihikari Rice) Is the center, and the yield of Koshihikari is the highest in Japan.^[34].. EspeciallyUonuma districtKoshihikari cultivated inKoshihikari from UonumaIt is the top brand that receives the highest evaluation in Japan for its taste, and is the best in Japan.RiceIt can be said to be the point. Also in relation to riceRice confectionery(Rice crackers,HailstoneEtc.) is the largest production value in Japan,SakeAlsoHyogo,KyotoIt is the third largest after, and the number of sake breweries is the largest in Japan.Because of the high production of ricerice flourResearch and use the research to sell productsNiigata millingHave invested in.

Other than rice,eggplantとEdamameThe planted area is the largest in Japan.Also,Tulip,watermelonCultivation is also active.

Fishery:Is also popular,KamabokoSuch as fish meatPaste productIs also influential.

Carp raising

NishikigoiIn the 19th century, the current cities of Ojiya and Nagaoka (YamakoshiIt is believed that breeding began in areas centered on the area).Currently, Nishikigoi carp is being actively raised.

Secondary industry

Industrial

Hokuriku Industrial AreaIt is also the central existence of.

• Joetsu region OfItoigawaThen good qualitylimestoneIn Itoigawa City, Joetsu City, etc.Chemical industryIs developing.
• Chuetsu region OfNagaokaThen, food processing such as rice crackers, papermaking,AutomobileAnd motorcycle meters are manufactured.The domestic market share of motorcycle meters is less than 9%, and the world market share is about 3%.

In Sanjo City and Tsubame City, the production of cutlery, hardware, Western tableware, etc. is thriving.

• Shimoetsu district OfNiigataIn the surrounding areaRice confectioneryThere are many food processing industries such as, paper manufacturing, and chemical industries.
• Sado region OfSado CityThen, historically, the mining industry was thriving.

Manufacturing industry

Within the prefectureKerosine stove,Oil fan heaterThe production of such oil burning appliances is large.

light industry

In addition, the production of metal products is large. Tsubame City and Sanjo City MetalsTablewareOwns 9% of the domestic market share,Non-ferrous metal materialThere are many companies that have strengths in processing.Scissors,Knife,spannerSuch as metal toolsOsakaIt is second only after.

In the textile industry,KnitsHas the highest production in Japan.However, in recent years, overseas relocation of production bases and low-priced foreigners seeking low labor costs (ChugokuAnd Southeast Asian countries, etc.).

1989/In XNUMX, the number of factory locations was the highest in Japan.

Mining

gold mine

OnceSado IslandGold and silver veins are distributed in (Sado Kanayama, See Aikawa Gold and Silver Mine, which was the largest in the modern and modern times.1989/It was closed in (XNUMX).

crude

Few in JapancrudeIt is a production area of ​​oil and is known to have produced oil for a long time.Mainly around the modern eraAmase Oil Field(Izumozaki Town) AndHigashiyama oil field(Nagaoka),Niitsu oil field(NiigataAkiba) And so on.Even today, Niigata Prefecture is an oil-producing prefecture that accounts for most of Japan's oil production.

Since modern times, many oil companies have been established in Niigata prefecture.As the main oneNippon Oil(CurrentlyENEOS),Showa Sekiyu(AfterShowa Shell Sekiyu),Daikyo Oil(CurrentlyCosmo Oil) And other major modern oil companies were founded in Niigata prefecture.

Natural gas

CurrentlyNatural gasMining is thriving,Minami Nagaoka Gas Field(Nagaoka City),Katagai Gas Field(Ojiya),Iwafune-oki oil and gas field(Wombai cityMining is being promoted in areas such as Oki.Higashi Niigata Oil and Gas Field(Niigata CityKita), Nishikanbara gas field (Niigata CityNishikan Ward), the Nakajo Gas Field (Townai City) accounts for 10% of the domestic production from groundwater after separation of water-soluble natural gas.IodineHave also been collected^{[35][36][37][38]}.

Power generation

Power generationThen,Agano RiverLarge scale in the basinHydroelectric power plantIs located. AlsoKashiwazakiとKariwaKariwa VillageIt is inTEPCO HoldingsKashiwazaki Kariwa Nuclear Power StationIs the world's largest nuclear power plant. otherJoetsu CityNaoetsuIn the district,Tohoku Electric Power,JERAOperate jointlyJoetsu Thermal Power StationThere is.

Tertiary industry

Wholesale, retail

The annual product sales amount by business establishments in Niigata prefecture is the 14th largest in Japan in total for wholesale and retail trade (FY26).The number of businesses is still 12th and the number of employees is 14th.

tourism

It has many hot spring areas and beaches, by prefecture.hot springNumber is third,BeachThe number is also third.

Japan's leadingSnowy areaBecauseChuetsu regionとJoetsu regionIn the mountains ofSki resortAre located in large numbers.However, immediately after the burst of the bubble1993/Around (5)Ski boomIs gone, and even moreNiigata Chuetsu EarthquakeThe number of skiers in Niigata Prefecture has been declining since the 2000s due to the effects of heavy snowfall and concerns about traffic network paralysis due to heavy snowfall.Due to this effect, some ski resorts have been closed. (Detail isList of ski resorts in Japan#NiigataSee).In recent years, snow resortsRemodelIs advanced,Joetsu regionToHokuriku ShinkansenIs being sought for economic measures through industry-government-academia collaboration with local governments along the railway lines.

It is often said that "Niigata people do not ski much"^{[Source required]}However, for the citizens of the prefecture who know how to live under heavy snowfall in winter, the image of "snow = spicy" is strong.In other words, most skiers rarely become a silver world.Capital AreaThere is also an aspect that it was largely due to attracting customers from.In the future, a new tourism system is being built with the aim of "sightseeing that makes the most of snow."

Life / infrastructure

住宅

In many cities in Niigata prefectureGanki-doriThe cityscape of is left.

Policemen

• Niigata Prefectural Police

Medical and welfare

Disaster base hospital

• Niigata Prefecture Disaster Center Hospital

Licensed Nursery School

• Niigata Preschool List

life line

Electricity, city gas

• General power transmission and distribution business : Tohoku Electric Power Network(Whole prefecture)
  • Power frequency: Honshu part and Awashima50 hertzHowever, part of Itoigawa City and Myoko City60 hertz..Sado Island60 hertz.
• General gas conduit operator : Hokuriku gas(Chuetsu region, Kaetsu region)

Education

Universities of high school students in Niigata prefecture in 2019Education continuance rateIs 46.9%, which is lower than the national value of 54.7%, but the vocational school enrollment rate is 26.0%, which is much higher than the national value (national value 16.4%), and the total enrollment rate of 72.9% is the national value. Over 71.1%^[39].. Operates 27 vocational schools in the prefectureNSG Group OfNSG College LeagueIn addition, there are many vocational schools in the prefecture, and the number of special training schools per 10 people is 3.57, which is the 6th largest in Japan.^[40].

University

Vocational school

• List of Niigata special training schools

Special school

• List of Niigata special needs schools

high school

• Niigata High School List

Junior high school

• Niigata Junior High School List

primary school

• Niigata Elementary School List

Kindergarten

• Niigata Kindergarten List

Mass media

News (Chinese)

Local newspaper

• Niigata Daily

National newspaper

• Yomiuri Shimbun
• Asahi Shimbun
• Mainichi Newspapers

Broadcaster

Tohoku regionThere are programs co-produced with the broadcasting station ofChubu regionThere are also programs co-produced with the broadcasting station of, and there are various news such as being broadcast in the Kanto Koshinetsu region and Koshinetsu region.In addition, NHK has set Niigata Prefecture as Kanto Koshinetsu (Metropolitan area broadcasting center(Direct control), but since it belongs to the Hokuriku / Shinetsu block in national elections and amateur sports, these reports and broadcasts are not available.Nagoya stationIt will be online with the 3 prefectures of Hokuriku via.Also,NiigataChuoThen.Shinano RiverBroadcasting stations are lined up along the way.

TV broadcast

Within the prefectureNHKIn addition to the Niigata Broadcasting Station,Commercial broadcastThen.Nippon TV,TBS,Fuji Television Network, Inc,TV AsahiThere are affiliated stations of the four major key stations.The citizens of the prefecture are quick to respond to terrestrial digital broadcasting, and in the November 4 survey, it was the highest in Japan at 2010%.^[41].

The master station of the prefecture TV station / prefecture FM station and the main station of the FM complementary relay station are bothMt.It is installed in.

• NHK Niigata Broadcasting Station
• Broadcasting System of Niigata(BSN TV:JNNSeries)
• NST Niigata General Television^{[Note 8]}(NST: FNN-FNSseries)
• TV Niigata Broadcasting Network(TeNY: NNN-NNSseries)
• Niigata TV 21(UX: ANNseries)

Radio broadcast

BSN radio for AM broadcasting,FM radioThen, JFN-series FM-NIIGATA covers the entire prefecture. Although the prefecture soil is wide and there are many base cities,motorizationIt is said that the ability to appeal by radio (FM, community FM, AM) is as high as that of television because of the development of.

In addition, Five big citiesBe the first outside the areaIndependent radio stationでHeisei New Bureau OfNiigata Prefecture FM Broadcasting(FM PORT) existed, but due to business difficulties, it was closed on June 2020, 6.

• Broadcasting System of Niigata(BSN Radio:JRN-NRNseries)
• FM Radio Niigata(FM-NIIGATA: JFNseries)

Community FM

• Shimoetsu district
  • FM KENTO --Chuo-ku, Niigata City All in-house produced programs
  • RADIO CHAT --Delivery of Music Bird, Akiha-ku, Niigata
  • Hot radio --All in-house produced programs in Nishikan Ward, Niigata City
  • RADIO AGATT --Distribution of Shibata City Music Bird
• Chuetsu region
  • FM Nagaoka --Delivery of Nagaoka City J-WAVE
  • Radio is ... --Tsubame City (The transmission station is in Sanjo City and covers both cities) J-WAVE is delivered
  • FM Yukiguni --Distribution of Music Bird in Minami Uonuma City
  • FM and Okamachi --Delivery of Tokamachi Music Bird
  • FM pickara --Delivery of Kashiwazaki City Music Bird
  • FM Uonuma --Delivery of Uonuma City J-WAVE
• Joetsu region
  • The following two stations are bothJoetsu Cable VisionOperated by.It is the only community FM in Japan that broadcasts two waves per company.
    • FM Joetsu FM-J --Distribution of Joetsu City Music Bird
    • FM Myoko-Myoko City Music Bird is delivered

Transportation

Air route

2 below空港There is.

• Niigata Airport(Niigata）
  • Domestic flights - New Chitose Airport-Narita Airport-Chubu International Airport-Nagoya (Komaki) Airport-Itami Airport-KIX-Kobe Airport-Fukuoka Airport-Naha AirportConnect with^[42].
  • International flights - Seoul (Incheon) Airport-Shanghai (Pudong) Airport-Harbin Airport-Khabarovsk airport-Vladivostok Airport-Taipei (Taoyuan) AirportConnect with^[42].
• Sado Airport(Sado City)- 2014/(26)May 4More suspended^[43].

Train

So-called in Niigata PrefectureSea of ​​Japan TransitPasses through.Keihanshin,Capital AreaとKitaou,HokkaidoTiePassenger car-freight trainEtc. are operated a lot,Sea of ​​Japan sideIt is the main transportation artery of the city.

Shinkansen

ShinkansenHas the following two routes.

• Joetsu Shinkansen - Niigata-Sanjo City-Nagaoka-Minamiuonuma City-Yuzawa TownWhen,Gunma-Saitama-TokyoConnect with.
• Hokuriku Shinkansen - Joetsu City-ItoigawaWhen,Nagano・ Saitama Prefecture, Tokyo,Toyama-Ishikawa-FukuiConnect with.

Shinkansen arrives and departs in the prefectureRailway stationThere are 7 and this isIwateAlong withPrefecturesMost in^[44]..The reasons for this are that this prefecture has a large area (5th in Japan) and that the Hokuriku Shinkansen was opened in the prefecture by a route different from the Joetsu Shinkansen.^[44].

There are two lines operating in this prefecture, the Joetsu Shinkansen and the Hokuriku Shinkansen, but these are not connected at the same station in the prefecture (the Joetsu Shinkansen is in the south).GunmaからChuetsu-Shimoetsu districtRun to.The Hokuriku Shinkansen is in the southwestNaganoからJoetsu regionRun in the westToyamaExit).Of all the prefectures in Japan, Niigata Prefecture is the only prefecture where multiple Shinkansen bullet trains are laid separately without intersecting.

The closest stations to the Joetsu Shinkansen and Hokuriku Shinkansen stations areNagaoka StationとJoetsu Myoko StationHowever, for movement between both stationshighwayorSpecial express trainBut it takes at least 1 hour^[45][46].

Special express train

Special express trainHas the following two routes.

• Inaho - Niigata StationとSakata Station-Akita StationTo connect with.At Niigata StationJoetsu ShinkansenConnect with.
• White snow --With Niigata StationJoetsu Myoko Station-Arai StationConnect with.Nagaoka StationでJoetsu ShinkansenAnd at Joetsu Myoko StationHokuriku ShinkansenConnect with.

local train

local trainAs multiple lines run.Sections very close to Niigata Station^{[Note 9]} Is 3 per hour during the day (approximately every 20 minutes), but most others are less than 1 per hour during the day.

JROn the routeEast JapanとWest JapanTwo companies are on board.Niigata Prefecture is the only prefecture in Japan where only these two companies can enter.

East Japan Railway(JR East)

• Joetsu Shinkansen-Hokuriku Shinkansen(Joetsu Myoko Station）
• Shin-Etsu Main Line-Uetsu Main Line-Joetsu Line-Yonesaka Line-Banetsu West Line-Tadami Line-Echigo Line-Yahiko Line-White new line-Iiyama Line
• Niigata StationCentered onSuburban sectionIs set.

West Japan Railway Company(JR West Japan)

• Hokuriku Shinkansen(Joetsu Myoko Station- Itoigawa Station)・Oito line

Hokuetsu Express

• Hokuhoku Line

Echigo Tokimeki Railway(Toki iron)

• Myoko Haneuma Line-Sea of ​​Japan Hisui Line

Route

Passenger ship

• Sado Steamship
• Awashima Steamship
• Shin Nihonkai Ferry

道路

highway

• E7 Nihonkai Tohoku Expressway
• E8 Hokuriku Expressway
• E17 Kanetsu Expressway
• E18 Joshinetsu Expressway
• E49 Ban'etsu Expressway

Vehicle registration number

• AutomotiveLicense plate
  • Niigatanumber(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismHokuriku Shin-Etsu Transport Bureau Niigata Transport Bureau)- Shimoetsu district,Sado region, Part of the Chuetsu region (Sanjo City-Kamo City-Minamikanbara-gunTagami Town）
  • NagaokaNumber (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Hokuriku Shin-Etsu Transport Bureau Nagaoka Motor Vehicle Inspection Registration Office)- Chuetsu regionPart of (Sanjo City-Kamo City-Minamikanbara-gunTagami Townexcept for)
  • Joetsunumber(Local number) (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Transport Bureau Nagaoka, Nagaoka Automobile Inspection and Registration Office)- Joetsu region

bus

• Within the prefectureExpress BusThe following routes are operated by each company (as of January 2022).^[47].
  • Niigata City- Nagaoka(Niigata KotsuSuch)
  • Niigata City- Joetsu City(Company)
  • Niigata City- Sanjo City-Tsubame City-Makimachi(Company, etc.)
  • Niigata City- Kashiwazaki(Echigo Kotsu）
  • Niigata City- Itoigawa(Kubiki Jidosha）
  • Niigata City- Tokamachi(Izumi Kanko Bus Company）
  • Niigata City- Gosen City-Muramatsu Town(Kanbara Railway Company）

Culture/Sport

dialect

Niigata Prefecture has a large difference in dialect depending on the region,Agakita areaThe dialect ofTohoku dialectIs a type ofKitaou dialect,Sado IslandThe dialect ofHokuriku dialect, Other areasTokai Higashiyama dialectIs a type ofEchigo wordare categorized(Tojo MisaoClassification by).

• Hokuetsu dialect
• Echigo word
  • Niigata dialect,Nagaoka dialect
• Sado dialect
• Akiyamago dialect-UnexploredAkiyamagoDialect

Food culture:

local cuisine

Food culture:

• From UonumaKoshihikari Rice・Koshihikari from Iwafune・Soy sauce katsudon(Sauce cutlet)-Western stylePork cutlet on rice·Soy sauceRed rice-Nopppe・Wappa rice・Hikozen-Italian-Bamboo dumpling-Poppoyaki(Steam pan)Taro Momo(Frozen dessert)·Hegi soba-Niigata Five Great Ramen-Tochio OfFried-Yasda yogurt-Kanzuri-Oyster(ediblechrysanthemum）
• There are both eastern and western food cultures, and while there are areas such as Sado Island where the characteristics of the yellowtail culture area of ​​western Japan are strong, there are also areas such as the Kaetsu region and the Chuetsu region where the characteristics of the salmon culture area of ​​eastern Japan are strong.^[48].
• Udon OfDashiとInari SushiKanto style,Sakura mochiIs both Kanto and Kansai style.
• Kinpira burdockThere is a "kinpira dumpling" that contains "(Aimon dumpling)". Furthermore, Kinpira Burdock isJapanese buckwheat noodlesIt is also the condiment of.

Traditional crafts

Traditional crafts designated by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry

• Shiozawa pongee(fabric,1975/）
• Honshiozawa(fabric,1976/）
• Ojiya(Textile, 1975) (UNESCOIntangible cultural heritage）
• Ojiya Tsumugi (textile, 1975)
• Tokamachi Kasuri (textile,1982/）
• Tokamachi Akashi Chijimi (textile, 1982)
• Uetsu cloth(fabric,2005/）
• Murakami wood carving vermillion(Lacquerware, 1976)
• Niigata lacquerware(lacquerware,2003/）
• Kamo paulownia chest (woodwork, 1976)
• Tsubame copperware (metalwork,1981/）
• Echigo Yoita Uchihamono(Metalwork,1986/）
• Echigo Sanjo Uchihamono (metalwork,2009/）
• Niigata / Shirone Buddhist altar(Buddhist altar, Buddhist altar,1980/）
• Nagaoka Buddhist altar (Buddhist altar, Buddhist altar, 1980)
• Sanjo Buddhist altar (Buddhist altar, Buddhist altar, 1980)

Traditional crafts

Cultural property

Important traditional buildings preservation area

• Sukunegi(Sado City)

Important cultural landscape

• Cultural landscape of mines and mining towns of Sado Aikawa
• Agricultural and mountain village landscape derived from Mt.

Birthplace

• Birthplace of Frisbee dogs in Japan (Niigata City)
• Road StationNo. 1 (Road Station Hoei / Niigata City OldToyoei City）
• JapanSkiplace of origin(Joetsu City）
• Snow pipeBirthplace (Nagaoka City)
• Persimmon seeds(Rice confectionery) Birthplace (Nagaoka City)
• Japan's firstDrive throughInstallation store (Friend Kitamachi store / Nagaoka City)
• Le RectierBirthplace (former Niigata CityShirane）
• JapaneseWineBirthplace (Iwanohara Vineyard / Joetsu City)
• JapanesePostBirthplace of the father (Maejima Miyoshi Memorial Museum / Joetsu City)
• Craft beer nationwide No. 1 (Echigo Beer / Niigata City OldMakimachi）

Other

• Local in 2003LeekFormed for PRNegiccoIs "Local idolPioneer of^[49].. In 2019, leader Nao☆ also became a precursor to "a female idol who continues to be active even after getting married"^[50].
• ShrineThe number is about 5,000, which is the first place in Japan (the second place is about 1 companies in Hyogo prefecture).
• There used to be a local dog named Echigo Shiba, but it is already extinct.

Sports

• Albirex Niigata(サ ッ カ ー-J League）
• Albirex Niigata Ladies(Football·WE League）
• Grand Sena Niigata FC(Football·Hokushinetsu Football League）
• JAPAN Soccer College(Football·Hokushinetsu Football League）
• Joetsu Marine Breeze(Beach volleyball）
• Team Albirex Niigata(Ski）
• Niigata Albirex Baseball Club(baseball-BC League）
• Niigata Albirex BB(basketball-B LeagueB1)
• Niigata Albirex BB Rabbids(basketball·W League）
• Niigata Albirex Running Club(land）
• Vital Net Baseball Club(Adult baseball）
• Befco(Womenvolleyball-V. Challenge League）

Tourism

• 

  Sado Kanayama

• 

  Sadogashima OfTarai boat

• 

  Nagaoka Festival(Japan's Three Great Fireworks Festival）

• 

  Teradomari Fish Market Street

• 

  Kiyotsukyo

• 

  Takada Castle Park cherry blossom viewing(Japan's three biggest night cherry blossoms）

• 

  Mt.

• 

  Ryuo Cave

• 

  Oginoshima Kayabuki Village

• 

  Former Niigata Customs Building(Opening Five PortsRemains)

• 

  SL Banetsu Monogatari

• 

  castle town(I.e.Machinami

Foreign relations

Sister municipalities/affiliated municipalities

sister city

• Shah Alam(Malaysian Federation Selangor）
• Glasgow Metropolitan County(United Kingdom Scottish country Strathclyde Region）

Friendly municipality

• Heilongjiang(People's Republic of China）

Works set in Niigata Prefecture

• List of works set in Niigata PrefectureSee also

Movies/dramas

• Love me
• Initial D
• Komachi(Episode 4 Niigata/Tokamachi)
• High school teacher
• Heart
• Godzilla, Mothra, King Ghidorah Large Monsters All-Out Attack
• Strawberry on the shortcake(Latter half)
• Strobe edge
• Saint March(Middle stage)
• Run into the sun
• Rush In! Asama Sanso Incident(2002Joetsu CityItakura WardTaken with)
• The men who made the Shinkansen(2004, TV Tokyo 40th anniversary commemorative drama / Joetsu CityItakura WardTaken with)
• Cheer ☆ Dan ~A story about a high school girl who won the US cheerleader in the US~(Major scenes taken in Niigata City)
• Tenchijin
• Heaven and earth
• Natsuko sake
• Overhanging punishment heat system
• Under one roof
• Fulin Volcano
• White out
• Mari and the Puppy Story
• 30 years of a torn family
• What if the school is...!?(1985/, TBS)-The main character and teacher are from Niigata
• Monochrome girl
• 3rd Year Class B Kinpachi-sensei(2011/May 3broadcast. TBS series, in the final roundShibata City）
• blue
• Negotiator ~THE NEGOTIATOR~(First series2008/, The final storyAga TownTaken with)
• Detective Conan 15 minutes of silence
• Fly! Dakota(2013Pacific War(Set on Sado Island after the end of the war)

People from Niigata Prefecture

About the word "gata"

Refers to the prefecture漢字There are multiple notations,JapaneseIn whichFontEven "Igata,[ɲ̟iːɡa̠ta̠]^{[Note 10]} Read. Above allOrthographic charactersIt is said that "NiigataIs the most common notation. other,SanzuiUsing the “Saga” to write inNiigataMay be written. Formerly "Sakai"Collection of clausesIt is a generally recognized character that is registered to^[52][53],Edo PeriodIn the book (printing book) ofMatsuo Basho"Okunohoso Road"andAkinari Ueda"Rain moon story""Zousai" (currentlyAkitaNikaho City OfKisakata) Can be seen^[54],Suzuki Makiyuki"Hokuetsu Snow Score』Allows the use of "Saku" even in the current place names in this prefecture, such as "Shinzaki" and "Garmor"^[55]. With the circulation of these printed books, it became a “lagoon” nationwide.AbbreviationIt is considered that "Sakura" was said to have been viewed in the same row.^[54](There are multipleVariantThere is^[55]).

MeijiWhen you enterLetterpressIs the mainstream of publications,The end of the warSold byMincho type OfTypeWhen I looked up, only "gata", which is the official letter, was sold, and "sagar," which was the abbreviation, was not sold.^[54]. In other words, after the Meiji era, the letters "Sakai" were wiped out of the printed materials, but Niigata, Kisakata,Hachirogata^[52]OrShimane Shiragata Tenmangu Shrine^[56] For example, in areas where "gata" is used on a daily basis, "Sakura" survives other than print.DialectIt turned into. In Niigata Prefecture, "Niigata" was also used for road signs,1981/(Showa"56")Common kanjiWhen adopted by the^[54][57].

ChineseInSimplified charactersso"Niigata'^[58],繁体字so"Shinpei'^[59] You can see an example written as. They areMandarinでpinyin: Xīn xièPronounced (since).2007/(19)May 6 OfNiigata Prefectural Assembly6Regular meetingIn the General Affairs Education Committee, in ChineseSack(Lagoon) And the meaning of潟There was a question that questioned these Chinese notations because it was different^[60].. same yearMay 8,Niigata Prefectural OfficeIn Chinese on the official websiteNiigata"(pinyin: Xīn xì^[61] Requested the use of the notation "Cynthy" within the prefectural office and prefecture-related organizations (JapaneseAt the end, stop using "Shinzaki"NiigataIs not a request to use)^[61].

footnote

注 釈

Source

Related literature

• Niigata Historical Story, Masataro Watanabe, Manshodo Bookstore, 1896.NDLJP:764693.

Related item

• List of people from Niigata Prefecture
• Niigata Prefecture Tourist Attractions
• List of prefectural roads in Niigata Prefecture
• List of cultural properties designated by Niigata Prefecture
• Niigata Prefecture's natural scenic spots
• Niigata Prefecture companies
• Works set in Niigata Prefecture
• University of Niigata
• Niigata Prefecture buildings
• Echigo Seven Wonders
• Hokuriku
• Joshinetsu
• North Kanto/Banetsu area
• Kita-Kanto Banetsu Governors Meeting
• Sea of ​​Japan side
• Circular Sea of ​​Japan
• The Circular Sea of ​​Japan Niigata Ekiden
• Tokki
• Geography of japan,Region of Japan

外部 リンク

Administration

Official website

Niigata Public Relations Section (@Niigata_Press)- Twitter

Niigata Prefecture Disaster Prevention Bureau (@Niigata_Bousai)- Twitter

Niigata Prefecture Disaster Prevention Portal

Niigata LIVE camera

Current Niigata

Tourism

[Official] Recommended sightseeing and travel information for Niigata Prefecture! Niigata Tourism Navigation -Niigata Prefecture Tourism Association

Kenjinkai

Tokyo Niigata Kenjinkai Official Page

Other

"Niigata (prefecture)』- Koto bank