Shikoku(Shikoku) isJapanese archipelagoCompose(I.e.one of^[4].

Hokkaido-Honshu-KyusyuIt is also one of the four major islands^[5], The smallest of these^[6][7].. The highestelevationIs 1,982 m of Mt.Ishizuchi, and it is at the border of Fukui, Ishikawa and Gifu prefectures.Ryohaku mountainsSannomine It is the highest in western Japan west of (2128m).areaIs 18,297.78 km²で^[1],世界 Of(I.e.InBrazil OfBanana islandIt is the 50st largest size after^[8].

Shikoku and its associated islands (Shodoshima,Omishima,(I.e.,中,Hakatajima,TeshimaEtc.)Shikoku regionSay^[9].. If you want to emphasize not including these associated islands,Mainland Shikoku"Or"Shikoku IslandSometimes called.
(Geography of Japan and Shikoku,Region of Japan・See also Shikoku region)

In Shikoku,Tokushima,Kagawa,Ehime,KochiTwo ofLocal governmentThe total population of the four prefectures is about 4 million, which is generally横 浜 市Equivalent to the population of^{[Note 1]}.. (See also Shikoku region in the lower right of the table)

The ancient name of Shikoku is "Iyo no two islands"Iyo Two Meizu"(Iyo no Futananoshima).

Overview

Among the four prefectures that make up the Shikoku region, Tokushima prefecture, Kagawa prefecture, and Ehime prefecture, together with the island exchange,Honshu-Shikoku connecting bridgeThere is also a (four bridges)HonshuThe exchange with is also active.

The whole of Shikoku except the southwestKinkiTokushima Prefecture in the eastern part is culturally strongly influenced byPolitics-EconomyThe effect is also remarkable in.Kagawa prefecture in the northeast has a deep connection with Okayama prefecture in terms of both culture and economy,Takamatsu ExpresswayとKobe Awaji Naruto ExpresswaySince its opening, exchanges with the Kinki region have become more active as in Tokushima Prefecture.Ehime prefecture in the west is Hiroshima prefectureKyusyuYou can see the exchange with Oita prefecture.On the other hand, Kochi Prefecture has a steep land route and developed traffic by ship, so it is said that Kochi Prefecture has a strong influence from Edo in the early modern period, and has a high awareness of political and cultural centers.In recent years, due to the development of the expressway network, the orientation toward Shikoku has become stronger.^{[Source required]}.

KukaiShikoku opened uppilgrimage-Eighty-eight places ThePilgrimfamous for.

History title

The process of Japanese creation by the godsRecord of Ancient Matters"ofDomestic productionmythThen ShikokuAwaji IslandFollowed byJapanese archipelagoIs the second created island in^[10].. Kojiki says "Iyo no two islands(Iyo no Futananoshima)"^[10].. Also"Japanese calligraphy』In "Shikoku" "Iyo Two Meizu(Iyo no Futanomashima)" is written. ThereforeAncient timesIn "Iyo no two islands", "Iyo two islands", or simply "Iyo island", "Iyoshima" (Iyonoshima, Iyoshima), "Ninoshima", "Ninoshima" (Futanashima) , "Futanashima)" and so on ("Futana" means two lines).

The early modern periodLater,Goki Shichido OfNankaidoOut ofKii countryとAwaji countryExcludingAwakuni-Sanuki country-Iyo country-Tosukuni Of4 つ のRegulatory countryIt was called "Shikoku" because it existed. It's not a history book,16st century OfSengoku periodPaintedMilitary storyKnown asYinde Taiheiki』(Kyoho2 years(1717年)Publishing) In the beginning, there is a description of "San'in Sanyo Shikoku Kyushu".The early modern periodThe name "Shikoku" can be clearly found in the book.

Geography

With the birth of the Japanese archipelago about 1900 million years ago, the predecessor of Shikoku was born.Seto Inland SeaAcross the Kinki regionSanyo region・It is located on the three sides of Kyushu. In the central part of the island, in a form that divides each prefectureShikoku Mountains,Sanuki MountainsThe mountains are soaring, and this terrain made communication between regions difficult until recent years.

Central structure line YoshinogawaFrom the north coastCape Sada PeninsulaIt runs through east and west. In the region corresponding to the inner zone north of the Tectonic Line (inner zone of Southwest Japan)Igneous rockAre distributed. In the region corresponding to the outer zone south of the structural line (outer zone of southwestern Japan), the mesozoic and paleozoic layers are arranged in order from the north side to the south side.

Japan Of(I.e.InKyusyuSecond place after^[6], In the islands of the worldBrazil OfBanana islandHas the 50th largest area after^[8].. The highest altitude isMount Ishizuchi1,982 m in Mt. Tengudake (Ehime prefecture).

Wide skirt

The surrounding sea

• Seto Inland Sea: Tokushima prefecture, Kagawa prefecture, Ehime prefecture
  • Harima Nada: Tokushima prefecture, Kagawa prefecture
  • Hitanada: Kagawa prefecture, Ehime prefecture
  • Kurushima Strait:Ehime Prefecture
  • Saitan:Ehime Prefecture
  • Iyo Nada:Ehime Prefecture
  • Naruto Strait:Tokushima
  • Kii Channel:Tokushima
• Toyo Strait:Ehime Prefecture
• Bungo Channel:Ehime Prefecture
• Uwa Sea:Ehime Prefecture
• The Pacific Ocean: Tokushima prefecture, Ehime prefecture, Kochi prefecture
  • Tosa Bay:Kochi Prefecture
  • Sukumo Bay:Kochi Prefecture

Main cape

• Cape Gamota(East of Shikoku): Tokushima PrefectureAnan City
• Cape Sada(Westernmost Shikoku): Ehime PrefectureNishiuwa DistrictIkata Town
• Muroto Cape(The most bulging area on the easternmost side): Kochi PrefectureMuroto City
• Cape Ashizuri(Southernmost Shikoku): Kochi PrefectureTosashimizu City
• Takei Kannon Cape(Northernmost Shikoku): Kagawa PrefectureTakamatsu

Mountains/Mountains

• Shikoku Mountains
  • Mount Ishizuchi(1982m,West Japan(Highest peak): Ehime prefecture
  • Mt. Tsurugisan (1955m): Tokushima Prefecture
  • Kamegamori (1896m): Ehime prefecture, Kochi prefecture
  • Mt. Miune (1893m): Tokushima prefecture/Kochi prefecture
  • Mt. Sasagamine (1859m): Ehime prefecture, Kochi prefecture
  • Mount Yagin (1848m): Tokushima Prefecture
  • Mt. Iyofuji (1756m): Ehime prefecture, Kochi prefecture
  • Saragamine (1271m): Ehime prefecture
  • Mt Shoji (885m): Ehime prefecture
  • (455m): Ehime prefecture
  • Mountain (373m): Ehime prefecture
• Sanuki Mountains
  • Mount Ryuo (1060m): Tokushima prefecture, Kagawa prefecture
• • East Mikatagamori (1233m): Ehime prefecture
  • Myojingamori (1217m): Ehime prefecture
  • (1053m): Ehime prefecture
  • Narahara Mountain (1041m): Ehime prefecture
  • Takanawa mountain (986m): Ehime prefecture
  • (977m): Ehime prefecture
  • (953m): Ehime prefecture
  • (927m): Ehime prefecture
  • (696m): Ehime prefecture
  • (668m): Ehime prefecture
  • (518m): Ehime prefecture
  • (410m): Ehime prefecture　
  • (328m): Ehime prefecture
  • (284m): Ehime prefecture
  • (281m): Ehime prefecture
  • Awajiga Pass (273m): Ehime prefecture
  • (244m): Ehime prefecture

Rivers and lakes

• YoshinogawaWater system (Shikoku Saburo): Kochi prefecture → Tokushima prefecture
  • Iya River:Tokushima
  • Dozan River(Iyogawa): Ehime prefecture → Tokushima prefecture
  • Ayu Goya River(Aikuru Shidanagawa): Tokushima Prefecture
  • Anabuki River:Tokushima
  • Former Yoshino River:Tokushima
  • Imagiri River:Tokushima
  • Ayu River:Tokushima
  • Shinmachi River:Tokushima
  • Sonosegawa:Tokushima
  • Lake Ikeda(Dam Lake): Tokushima Prefecture
  • Kinsako Lake(Dam Lake): Ehime Prefecture
  • Lake Sameura(Dam Lake): Kochi Prefecture
• Earthen river:Kagawa Prefecture
• Naga River:Tokushima
• Katsuura River:Tokushima
• Hajikawa:Ehime Prefecture
• Shigenobu River:Ehime Prefecture
  • Ishite River:Ehime Prefecture
  • Onogawa:Ehime Prefecture
  • Shirasagi Lake(Dam Lake): Ehime Prefecture
• Aosha River:Ehime Prefecture
  • Tamagawa Lake(Dam Lake): Ehime Prefecture
• Monobe River:Kochi Prefecture
• Niyodo River:Kochi Prefecture
  • Choja River:Kochi Prefecture
  • :Kochi Prefecture
  • (Dam Lake): Kochi Prefecture
• Shimanto River:Kochi Prefecture
  • :Kochi Prefecture
  • Hiromi River: Ehime prefecture → Kochi prefecture
  • :Kochi Prefecture
• Ebigaike -Shikoku's only natural lake^[11]

Plains/Highlands

• Tokushima Plain:Tokushima
• Naga River Plain(Anan Plain): Tokushima Prefecture
• Sanuki Plain:Kagawa Prefecture
• Matsuyama Plain:Ehime Prefecture
• Niihama Plain:Ehime Prefecture
• Kochi Plain:Kochi Prefecture
• Okawara Kogen:Tokushima
• Shiozuka Plateau: Tokushima prefecture, Ehime prefecture
• Kumakogen:Ehime Prefecture
• Godan Plateau: Ehime prefecture, Kochi prefecture
• Tengu Kougen: Ehime prefecture, Kochi prefecture

Geology

ShikokuGeologyIn general, from the northSanbagawa belt(AlmostYoshinogawaThere is)Chichibu belt(Shikoku Mountains),Shimanto(Shimanto River) Is distributed almost from east to west, and between themCentral structure line,Buddha structure lineIs running^[12][13].

climate

The climate conditions in Shikoku areShikoku MountainsThe difference is very different.

Seto Inland Sea region

Tokushima prefectureYoshinogawaNorth of the basin, the entire Kagawa prefecture, Ehime prefectureToyo district,Chuyo districtof,Seto Inland SeaThe north side facingSeto Inland Sea climateThe climate is mild and rainy,typhoonThere are relatively few direct hits. for that reason,olive,OrangeCultivation is thriving. On the other hand, large scaleRiver TheThe Pacific Ocean,Kii ChannelSince it has been flowing into the sea, it has suffered from several water shortages in the past due to lack of water resources. For this reason,Manno PondBeginning withReservoirHave been built. In particular, Kagawa Prefecture has been suffering from water shortages since ancient times, and as a drought countermeasure,YoshinogawaFor sending waterKagawa waterIs being built.

From winter to spring,Mainland ChinaFlows in fromYellow sandIs often observed. In winter(I.e.,Light snow(Sleet) There are days when it rains, but there are basically many sunny days. Heavy snow is rare in the plains, but temperatures are low in the mountains and there is a lot of snow in winter.

Incidentally,Pacific highIn the summer covered by the sea,calm], over the Shikoku MountainsFern phenomenonDue to the influence of the air flow,Extremely hot day,Tropical nightThere are many days when

Pacific Ocean side

Most areas of Tokushima prefecture and Ehime prefectureNanyo district・ The whole area of ​​Kochi prefectureThe Pacific OceanThe south side facingPacific climateBelong to. Flowing off the Pacific OceanKuroshioInfluenced by, it is warm even in winter, and there are some frost-free zones. Spring comes early and is the first on the mainlandCherry BlossomsThe flowering declaration ofKochiorUwajima CityIt is often the case. Therefore, especially in Kochi prefectureForcingIs popular,Professional baseballTeamキャンプThere are industries and events that take advantage of the warm climate, such as the ground.

YearPrecipitation amountBecause there are manyforestryIs also popular, but on the other hand, in Kochi prefectureMuroto CapeとCape AshizuriThen,typhoonBecause it is easy to attackTyphoon ginza"It is called.For this reason"Muroto TyphoonA large typhoon such as洪水Has been damaged.In "Muroto Typhoon", the central pressure at the time of landing at Cape Muroto is 911.6.hPaIt was the typhoon that landed on mainland Japan and had the lowest central pressure at the time of landing in the history of observation. This is the lowest record of central pressure in a typhoon of the same latitude (the official typhoon statistics are1951年(Showa(26 years), so this record is treated as a reference record), has not been broken yet. In addition, Nanyo district of Ehime prefecture and Kochi prefectureHata regionIn winter, however, the number of cloudy, rainy, and snowy days is higher due to the influence of the monsoon from the Kanmon Straits than in other Pacific regions.

History

Ancient times

Shikoku isKinaiIt is located on the southwest side fromGoki ShichidoThen.Nanki,Awaji Islandalong withNankaidoWas included in.Kinki-KyusyuLocated in the northwestern part of Shikoku, which was a key point of the routeIyo country OfDogo OnsenEtc.Emperor Shumei,Emperor SaimeiBathing record of (Japanese calligraphy),Red man Yamabe-NunodaoBathing record of (Manyoshu) Is also believed to have flourished since ancient times.

中 世

TairaWhen the city fellEmperor AndeHoldingYajimaAs a temporary base for the war, the Genpei army fought here.Muromachi Period TheMr. HosokawaAre the three countries of Sanuki, Awa and Tosa,Mr. KonoProtected Iyo respectively.

Sengoku periodAs a daimyo of Shikoku,MiyoshiBased inAwakuniからYamashiro8 countries in the same areaNagayoshi Miyoshi, "Tosa'sLittle KyotoIs also called中Based inIchijo Tosa,Iyo countryDogo OfYuzuki CastleBased inNaval forceMr. Kono, who ownsMr. Kagawa,TosukuniIs the champion of ShikokuFormer parents of ChosogabeAre famous, but after a long tumult, they started to converge and at one pointMr. NagasokabeUnified Shikoku, but eventuallyHideyoshi ToyotomiWas settled by. Was the daimyo of TosaNagasokabe Morikachi TheBattle of SekigaharaThe West Army was revamped.

The early modern period

Edo PeriodWhen that happened, until then, I had governed all parts of ShikokuSengoku DaimyoWas exterminated from Shikoku, and Tokugawa, the shogunate's credible general, was to be sealed in this area. At first, he allowed Ikoma to Sanuki, Hachisuka to Awa and Yamauchi to Tosa to control the whole country, but Sanuki was ruled in two parts when he was upset after a turmoil. Iyo had a small daimyo assigned from the beginning and was not governed by a single country. The Shodoshima and Shiozawa Islands in the Seto Inland Sea were placed under the control of the Kurashiki Daikan Office as Tenryo. To the representative clan of Shikoku,AwakuniとAwaji countryIs the place of knowledge of Mr. InadaMr. Hachisuka OfTokushima Domain,Mito Tokugawa familyOf the branch houseTakamatsu Domain,Mr. YamauchiGoverned byTosa Domain,Mr. Kato,Hisamatsu Matsudaira family(Family)Iyo Matsuyama Domain,SendaiDateThe branch house ofUwajima DomainAnd so on.

Modern

During the Bakumatsu Restoration, the Tosa domain continued to be involved in the political affairs from beginning to end, and was born in the Tosa domain.Ryoma SakamotoThrough the mediation ofChief allianceI got angry.Boshin WarThe Tosa clan also succeeded in fighting in various places as a government army. Meiji periodFreedom Civil Rights MovementAlso a former Tosa clanItagaki RetirementThey happened mainly. Prior to that, the Shikoku Conference was advocated by the Tosa clan, which helped bring Shikoku together, but was ordered to disband in just a few years. From Ehime PrefectureShiki MasaokaA great literary writer was produced and contributed to the Meiji culture.

Economy

Historically, all prefectures were areas with strong ties to Kinai, but Tokushima Prefecture has become more active due to the activation of land exchanges and the decline of sea routes.KinkiKagawa prefecture has a lot of economic activities with Okayama prefecture, and Ehime prefecture has a lot of economic activities with Hiroshima prefecture.Especially in the coastal areas of Tokushima prefecture on a daily basisKeihanshinEconomic exchange with is active and has a great impact. In Kochi prefecture, which faces the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by mountains on three sides, there was no region where foreign economic exchange was particularly active.

In recent years, due to the development of the expressway network, exchanges on the island have greatly increased in each prefecture, including Kochi Prefecture, and as of 2010, economic exchange has become the most popular on the island rather than in Honshu.^[14].

Gross product

2011年(HeiseiThe gross regional product of the four prefectures of Shikoku in FY23 was nominally 13 million yen.^[15], Nationwide total product (JapanGDPThe economy is less than 3% (2.8%), so it is called “3% economy”. this2011年(23)GDPCompared toカタール,ウクライナ,ニュージーランド,クウェートIs the same size as^[16].. In addition, the total product per capita, which is the total product divided by the population, is lower than the per capita total product in Japan in all four prefectures, and is less than 400 million yen in Kagawa prefecture, which has the largest amount. There is also a disparity in Shikoku, with a gap of about 90 yen between the highest Kagawa prefecture and the lowest Kochi prefecture. By prefecture(Per capita)

• Nationwide: 497 million yen (4110 yen)
  • Shikoku: JPY 13 million (JPY 8593)
    • Tokushima Prefecture: 2 million yen (8632 yen)
    • Kagawa Prefecture: 3 million yen (7314 yen)
    • Ehime prefecture: 5 million yen (1000 yen)
    • Kochi: 2 million yen (1646 yen)

Industrial

Shikoku Seto Inland Sea sidePacific beltLocated in the zone,Sakaide-Marugame-Shikokuchuo City-Niihama-Saijo City-ImabariandMatsuyama CityCentered onSetouchi Industrial AreaAre formed.TokushimaとSaijo CityIt is,New Industrial City Construction Promotion LawSpecified based onNew industrial city(Industrial development base area).

Manufactured product shipment value, etc.(2010 Industrial Statistics)

• Shikoku: 8 yen
• Ehime: 3 yen
• Kagawa: 2 yen
• Tokushima: 1 yen
• 1. Imabari City: 8871 million yen
• 2. Saijo City: 8113 yen
• 3. Sakaide City: 7626 million yen
• 4. Niihama City: 6150 million yen
• 5. Shikokuchuo City: JPY 6068
• 6. Tokushima City: ¥4902
• Kochi: 4680 yen
• 7. Matsuyama City: ¥4237
• 8. Naoshima-cho, Kagawa-gun: 3454 million yen
• 9. Anan City: 3345 million yen
• 10. Takamatsu City: ¥3234
• 11. Marugame City: 2422 yen
• 12. Matsushige-cho, Itano-gun: 2218 million yen
• 13. Mitoyo City: ¥1875
• 14. Naruto City: 1696 yen
• 15. Kanonji City: ¥1557 million

population

Population of each prefecture

*Ranking, population and ratio are based on the 27 Census^[17].

Age structure

Population by age group
Estimated population as of October 2004, 10
Total [Thousands]

age	population
0-4 years	176
5 - 9	186
10 - 14	190
15 - 19	212
20 - 24	223
25 - 29	242
30 - 34	273
35 - 39	237
40 - 44	234
45 - 49	258
50 - 54	312
55 - 59	325
60 - 64	271
65 - 69	249
70 - 74	247
75 - 79	213
Over 80 years old	262

Population by age group
Estimated population as of October 2004, 10
Gender [Thousands]

Male	age	Female
90	0-4 years	86
95	5 - 9	91
98	10 - 14	92
107	15 - 19	105
112	20 - 24	111
120	25 - 29	122
134	30 - 34	139
114	35 - 39	123
114	40 - 44	120
126	45 - 49	132
154	50 - 54	158
161	55 - 59	164
128	60 - 64	143
114	65 - 69	135
108	70 - 74	139
88	75 - 79	125
83	Over 80 years old	179

• Data source:Table 10 / Prefectures, Age (5 years old), Population by Gender-Total Population
  (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Statistics Bureau)

Change in population

2010年CensusThere were 95 municipalities in Shikoku at the time, but only 2005 cities increased in population compared to the 8 census, and all other 87 municipalities decreased. Therefore, not only in Shikoku as a whole, but also in prefectures, all four prefectures have decreased. By prefecture, Kochi prefecture had the highest decrease rate of -4%, followed by Tokushima prefecture -4.00%, Ehime prefecture -3.02% and Kagawa prefecture -2.47%. On the contrary, the increasing number of municipalities is 1.64 cities in Kagawa prefecture, 3 cities in Tokushima prefecture, 3 city in Ehime prefecture and 1 city in Kochi prefecture. By prefecture location, the increaseTakamatsuとMatsuyama CityAloneNorthern ShikokuとMinamishikokuThe light and dark became different, but all of the three increasing towns in Tokushima PrefectureTokushimaIt is a bed town adjacent to. Other than the prefectural capital, it is the second largest city in Kagawa Prefecture, in addition to the above three towns in Tokushima Prefecture.MarugameAnd adjacent to itRyuta CountyUtazu Town,Kochi PrefectureKonan CityThe population has increased. In Ehime Prefecture, there was no municipality with a population increase other than Matsuyama City, which is the prefectural capital.

Kochi Prefecture with the highest rate of decreaseTosa DistrictOkawa VillageIs the only over 20%, and the top 6 are all municipalities in Kochi prefecture. Other municipalities with a high rate of decrease areThe Pacific OceanCoastal or centralShikoku MountainsThere are many local governments located in.

Increased municipality

• Utazu Town+5.58%,Kitajima Town+4.61%,Aizumi Town+3.26%,Matsushige Town+0.96%,Konan City+0.86%,Matsuyama City+0.45%,Marugame+0.35%,Takamatsu+ 0.31 %

Decreasing municipalities (△ 20% or more)

• Okawa Village△ 23.61%

Decreasing local governments (-10%--19%)

• Otoyo Town△14.08%,Yusuhara Town△13.86%,Baji village△13.42%,Muroto City△13.04%,Toyo Town△12.97%,Naga Town△12.88%,Kamiyama Town△12.80%,Miyoshi△12.17%,Kumakogen Town△11.89%,Niyodogawa Town△11.53%,Minami△11.01%,Tsurugi Town△10.51%,Mugi Town△10.48%,Otsuki Town△10.16%,Ikata Town△ 10.03%

Decreasing local governments (-5%--9%)

• Yasuda Town△9.92%,Ainan Town△9.67%,Tano Town△9.39%,Kaiyo Town△9.22%,Nakatosa Town△8.85%,Kamikatsu Town△8.80%,Shimanto Town△8.74%,Katsuura Town△8.54%,Ochi Town△8.31%,Uchiko Town△8.03%,Kuroshio△7.97%,Tonosho Town△7.85%,Hidaka Village△7.60%,Sanagawauchi Village△7.57%,Kitagawa△7.51%,Ino Town△7.41%,Sukumo△7.32%,Kotohira Town△7.26%,Tosashimizu City△7.24%,Ozu City△7.15%,Mihara△7.02%,Yawatahama City△7.01%,Matsuno Town△6.67%,Tsuno Town△6.63%,Onikita Town△6.43%,Higashikagawa△6.41%,Shodoshima Town△6.40%,Seiyo City△6.38%,Motoyama Town△6.20%,Mima△6.02%,Naoshima Town△6.02%,Tosa Town△5.92%,Uwajima City△5.85%,Ueshima Town△5.56%,Shimanto City△5.23%,Susaki△ 5.15%

Decreasing municipalities (△ 4% or less)

• Nahari Town△4.96%,Sanuki City△4.94%,Kami City△4.93%,Zentsuji△4.73%,Awa City△4.45%,Tosa△4.42%,Imabari△4.28%,Manno Town△4.07%,Kochi△4.00%,Aki City△3.94%,Ayagawa Town△3.91%,Kanonji△3.89%,Yoshinogawa△3.85%,Geisei Village△3.80%,Mitoyo△3.75%,Iyo City△3.74%,Higashi Miyoshi Town△3.72%,Komatsushima△3.56%,Sagawa Town△3.43%,Tokushima△3.02%,Ueitamachi△3.02%,Sakaide△2.87%,Shikokuchuo City△2.87%,Naruto△2.67%,Nankoku City△2.53%,Anan City△2.49%,Ehime△2.47%,Tobe Town△1.98%,Itano Town△1.91%,Niihama△1.79%,Kagawa△1.64%,Kochi△1.60%,Tokushima△1.23%,Miki Town△1.13%,Saijo City△1.13%,Matsumae△0.67%,Tadotsu Town△0.49%,Ishii Town△0.44%,Toon City△ 0.07%
• Data source:Heisei 22 year census

Region

Shikoku has no outstanding big cities,Topographical constraintsIndependent from each prefectureMetropolitan areaExists. In addition, since the sea traffic has been active for a long time, exchanges with the opposite bank are active in various places.

The Shikoku region may be divided into two regions for convenience.

• Northern Shikoku(On the Seto Inland Sea side, Kagawa and Ehime prefectures)Minamishikoku(Pacific side, Tokushima and Kochi prefectures)
• Higashishikoku(East part. Tokushima prefecture, Kagawa prefecture)West Shikoku(Western area: Kochi prefecture/Ehime prefecture)

Connection with each region

The largest amount of flow from all points of origin is to Shikoku, with a minimum of 50% and a maximum of 95% of the total flow. By prefecture, the eastern part of Kagawa, where Takamatsu City is located, is the top destination for all destinations, and in connection with the outside of Shikoku, Tokushima is Kobe, and the eastern part of Kagawa is Minami, Matsuyama and Kochi in Okayama Prefecture. The 23 wards of Tokyo are the most numerous. From all departure locations, eastern Kagawa / Kochi central within 5th place, western Kagawa within 6th place, Niihama within 8th place, Matsuyama within 11th place, Tokyo 12 wards / Osaka / Okayama prefecture south, 23th within 14th place Within Tokushima, all destinations in Shikoku are destinations.

Long time ago,"Tokushima TheKinki(Osaka-Kobe),Takamatsu TheOkayamaFacing,Matsuyama TheHiroshimaFacing, andKochi TheThe Pacific Ocean(OrTokyo), and sometimes satirized as "Shikoku is one by one." However, since the end of the 20th century, the development of the expressway network has deepened mutual exchange among the four countries, and in the beginning of the 21st century, it surpassed the cities of Honshu, which had flourished until then.

As of 1990 (Heisei 2), Tokushima, Takamatsu, and Matsuyama had a large number of people who exchanged with Shikoku, and only Kochi had a large number of exchanges with Shikoku, but the flow rate itself was very small. It was In terms of connections with Shikoku, Tokushima was strong in Keihanshin, eastern Kagawa was south of Okayama, Matsuyama was Hiroshima/Osaka, and Hachimanhama was Oita.

The changes between 1990 (Heisei 2) and 2010 (Heisei 22) were the same due to the fact that Shikoku's mutual exchange became very active throughout Shikoku, and the flow as a destination was concentrated in the eastern part of Kagawa. The region has strengthened its character as the center of exchange. In addition, as a major change, the relationship between Tokushima and Okayama Prefecture in the eastern part of Kagawa was reversed, and the number of Tokushima in 1990 was larger than that in Okayama Prefecture in 2010, which is an overwhelming difference.

Besides this,highwayThe destination of the most (the destination that most vehicles aim at) is Takamatsu in each prefecture of Shikoku, and mutual exchange centered on Takamatsu is rooted in the Shikoku region. In this way, the flow of people is concentrated in the representative cities of the regional blocks, and the tendency to increase centrality is becoming more prominent every year.^[20](Detail is#highwaySee).

Regarding exchanges on Shikoku Island,X highwaySince then, the Shikoku Island League (currentlyShikoku Island League plus), etc., tend to strengthen the sense of unity, and we are now in the stage of deepening cooperation utilizing the history and roles of each prefecture. In the future, it is expected that the four prefectures of Shikoku will come together as one area to attract cultural and economic activities and attract tourists (“Blue Country Shikoku”).CampaignEtc.)

Metropolitan area

Urban employment areaThe "urban areas" based on^[21].. *2010年(22)CensusStandard

1. Takamatsu metropolitan area : population820,190 people,area1,360.12 km²,The population density603 people/km². (August 2020, 9,Estimated population）
2. Matsuyama metropolitan area : population626,438 people,area957.14 km²,The population density654 people/km². (August 2021, 1,Estimated population）
3. Tokushima metropolitan area : population575,692 people,area2,159.94 km²,The population density267 people/km². (August 2020, 9,Estimated population）
4. Kochi metropolitan area : population499,361 people,area1,918.69 km²,The population density260 people/km². (August 2021, 2,Estimated population）
5. Niihama metropolitan area : population219,127 people,area744.48 km²,The population density294 people/km². (August 2021, 1,Estimated population）
6. Imabari metropolitan area : population149,500 people,area419.14 km²,The population density357 people/km². (August 2021, 1,Estimated population）
7. Uwajima metropolitan area : population83,101 people,area808.52 km²,The population density103 people/km². (August 2021, 1,Estimated population）
8. Shikoku central metropolitan area : population82,508 people,area421.24 km²,The population density196 people/km². (August 2021, 1,Estimated population）
9. Shimanto metropolitan area : population67,510 people,area1,295.39 km²,The population density52.1 people/km². (August 2021, 2,Estimated population）
10. Hachimanhama metropolitan area : population39,758 people,area226.66 km²,The population density175 people/km². (August 2021, 1,Estimated population）

In the censusMinistry of Internal Affairs and CommunicationsStatistics BureauTo defineMetropolitan areaAs for, Matsuyama metropolitan area is listed only in Shikoku. Other,East Seto Economic Area(Statistical name for economically uniting the area between Setouchi).

From the 2000 (12) survey to the 2005 (17) survey, there were cases where the framework of each metropolitan area changed. Specifically, a large-scale merger of Heisei merged suburban municipalities into the central city, and the urban area itself disappeared due to the suburbanization of other cities due to the penetration of motorization such as Marugame metropolitan area. Thus, there were some local governments that left the existing metropolitan area and formed a new metropolitan area.

Major cities

The major cities in the four prefectures of the Shikoku region are listed.

There are no big cities in Shikoku, but fourPrefectural office locationPopulation is concentrated to some extent in each prefecturePrimate CityHas become. Others were medium-sized cities, and even the cities with a population of over 10 had only two cities, Niihama and Imabari, for a long time.

Great Heisei mergerAs a result, Matsuyama City was on the pedestal of 50 people, Takamatsu City was 40 people, Saijo City and Marugame City were over 10 people, and Imabari City was increased to 17 people. However, the demographics of Matsuyama City, Takamatsu City, and Marugame City have been flat, while those of other cities have declined significantly.

Government-designated city

• No applicable city

Core city

• Matsuyama City(507,085 people)Takamatsu(417,814 people)Kochi(325,807 people)

Special city at the time of enforcement

• No applicable city

Other

Prefectural office locations other than the above

• Tokushima(254,510 people)

Display order of each prefecture

The display order of each prefecture has various display orders as follows. (In the encyclopedia, use the display order of the local government code)

• National Local Government CodeNotation. This is mainly used officially.
  • Tokushima (36), Kagawa (37), Ehime (38), Kochi (39).
• Utaka ferryNotation of the beginning of Kagawa because Kagawa Prefecture has been the gateway to Shikoku for many years since its establishment
  • In order of Kagawa prefecture, Tokushima prefecture, Kochi prefecture, Ehime prefecture. - clockwise(Zip Code(The first two digits are 76 to 79 in order)
  • In order of Kagawa prefecture, Ehime prefecture, Kochi prefecture, and Tokushima prefecture. -Counterclockwise (NTT Docomo ShikokuSuch)
  • Kagawa prefecture, Tokushima prefecture, Ehime prefecture, Kochi prefecture. -From the north
  • In order of Kagawa prefecture, Ehime prefecture, Tokushima prefecture, Kochi prefecture. -It was intended from the north, but I may have misunderstood the positional relationship between Ehime prefecture and Tokushima prefecture.
• 4 Prefectural offices in order of population size
  • Ehime prefecture, Kagawa prefecture, Kochi prefecture, Tokushima prefecture in this order.
• Other
  • Ehime prefecture, Kagawa prefecture, Tokushima prefecture, Kochi prefecture. - clockwise(NHK Matsuyama Broadcasting StationWeather forecast)

The "center" of Shikoku

TakamatsuとMatsuyama CityBetween the two, there has been a lot of controversy over the title of "central city of Shikoku," but especially in recent yearsPrefectural systemAccompanyState capitalThe controversy related to the attraction of (Michito. In the following, referred to as "Michito") is intensifying. The following cities are centered and compete with each other. (→Shikoku's dojo system debate,Japan's Doshu system debate）

Central Shikoku

TokushimaMiyoshi

from long agoTransportationIt was called "Shikoku's navel" because it was a key point.MiyoshiIkedaTraverseYoshinogawaIs named after itbridgeIs hung over (Ikeda Hessoko Ohashi,Shikoku Chuo BridgeSuch). MiyoshiYamashiro TownThen, the Yoshino River that flowed from Kochi Prefecture came from Ehime Prefecture.Dozan RiverJoins.ShowaIn the beginningtobaccoIt flourished in industry and was one of the leading cities in Shikoku.

EhimeShikokuchuo City

Connect Shikoku 4 prefectureshighwaynetwork·X highwayIt was named at the time of the merger because it is located at the intersection of the X-shapes, is equidistant from Tokushima and Matsuyama, and was the only municipality in contact with the four prefectures including Ehime prefecture at the time of the merger ( Currently Miyoshi City is also a municipality that contacts the four prefectures of Shikoku). In the future, we aim to become the capital city when the state system is enforced. In addition, Niihama City, which is adjacent to Shikoku Chuo City and has a larger population, is aiming to become the provincial capital.

Entrance to Shikoku

TokushimaNaruto

After opening the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge,Naruto StraitSpanOnaruto BridgeTraffic has exceeded the Seto Ohashi Bridge, and is beginning to take on the side of a new Shikoku entrance. When entering Shikoku from three routes, the populations west of Hyogo (Kyushu, Kyushu) and east of Hyogo (other than the former) are 3%:17%, and the situation where the Kobe Naruto route is overwhelmingly selected in many cases.Kobe Awaji Naruto ExpresswayImmediately after all of theNaruto ICUse the nearby Tokushima truck stationTrackThe increase was remarkable. Also to the Keihanshin areaExpress BusIs increasing year by year, one of theDollar boxIt was growing up to the line, but in recent yearsETC significant discountThe number of flights has been reduced or abolished due to the impact of^[22][23][24].. In recent years, since the expressway network in Shikoku has been enhanced, Matsuyama City,KochiLeaving Takamatsu cityKeihanshin,Capital AreaHighway bus toAgricultural productsIt is becoming more and more noticeable that a truck loaded with cargo passes through Naruto. Naruto may become an even more important gateway to Shikoku as the expressways in Tokushima Prefecture are improved and four lanes are developed. In addition, the movement between Hon-Yo before the Utaka ferry was opened,Osaka OfDeep sunBy boatAwaji Island OfSumotoCross over toAwaji RailwayEtc. to move on Awaji Island from Sumoto to Fukura.ferryThe most popular route was to cross to Naruto (between Fukura and Naruto, Japan's oldest ferry route). In that sense, it can be said that “Naruto has become the gateway to Shikoku again” rather than “Naruto has become the gateway to Shikoku.”

Honshu-Shikoku Connecting Bridge Public Traffic Page

KagawaSakaide,Utazu Town

With the opening of the Seto Ohashi Bridge, it attracted attention as a new gateway to Shikoku to replace Takamatsu. Along with the opening of the bridge, large-scale development such asBubble economyWas promoted in theAkashi Kaikyo BridgeWith the opening of theKobe Naruto routeThe tendency to move to is seen. However, on the railway, the skyscrapers are still visible in the train window as the gateway to Shikoku.

EhimeImabari

Compared to the two routes above, the traffic volume on the border between Hon Yokka prefecture is inferior,Setouchi Shimanami KaidoIs connected to Honshu by. In addition to the Shimanami KaidoAkinada Tobishima KaidoHas a prefectural border with Hiroshima Prefecture and is the only Shikoku prefecture to have multiple roads to Honshu. Although it prospered as the center of the Seto Inland Sea route in the olden days, the area around the port has lost its vitality due to the construction of the main four bridges and the reorganization of the route. Also, due to the large-scale merger, the depopulation of the surrounding area is intense. It has the largest population in Shikoku, the largest municipality except the prefectural capital, and the largest industrial shipment in Shikoku.Shipping-shipbuildingThe industry is one of the largest in Japan.

Largest city in Shikoku

KagawaTakamatsu

HonshuBeing close toUtaka ferrySince it was operating,High Court,High Public Prosecutors OfficeSuch asGovernment office OfLocal branch officeMost of the (government agencies that have jurisdiction over Shikoku) have gathered (partiallyMatsuyama City,KochiLocated in). Also, the entire Shikoku area will be the business area.Shikoku Electric Power,JR ShikokuHeadquarters of companies such as the Shikoku Headquarters, branch offices, and branches of large companies nationwide are often located in Takamatsu City. But,1988年(63)4/10 OfSeto Ohashi BridgeOpening1998年(10)4/5 OfAkashi Kaikyo BridgeThe functioning of Shikoku as a gateway is changing due to changes in the distribution network due to the opening ofChugoku / Shikoku regionAs a result, the number of bases in Takamatsu is shrinking.

recent years^[When?]Then,Sunport TakamatsuConstruction andMarugame Town Shopping Street OfRedevelopmentIn businessMarugame Town Green』Construction of thePrefectural systemIt is trying to solidify its position as a base city by attracting the provincial capital after the enforcement.Great Heisei mergerAt times, it became a city with a population of 42 by incorporating the surrounding towns,Urban employment areaThe metropolitan population in Shikoku is also the largest at 84 (ChushikokuAlso in the third largest population). Also,Ritsurin Park The"Michelin Green Guide Japon"Has been selected as the highest rated 3 star.

EhimeMatsuyama City

Natsume SosekiNovel "BocchanMatsuyama City, which is the stage of ", was the city with the largest population in Shikoku from the beginning,Great Heisei mergerHas exceeded the population of 51 and is the only in Shikoku,Ministry of Internal Affairs and CommunicationsStatistics BureauByMetropolitan areaWas defined asMatsuyama metropolitan areaForming (72 people) (ChushikokuAlso in the third largest population). As a national officeShikoku General Communication BureauIn relation to this, NTT Group's Shikoku Branch, Japan Post Group's Shikoku Branch,NHK Matsuyama Broadcasting Station(Shikoku Regional Bureau) is located.

Matsuyama AirportHas the largest number of passenger users, freight handling, and operating routes,Chushikoku regionIt is also the most when seen in^[25].. The number of users at railway stations, including JR Shikoku and private railwaysIyo Railway OfMatsuyamashi StationIs the largest number in Shikoku and forms a clear base in Matsuyama City. Sea traffic is also popular,Matsuyama PortThere are passenger ships from all over Hiroshima and Kyushu.^[26].

In terms of tourism,"Michelin Green Guide Japon"Japan's oldest, selected as the highest rated 3 star inDogo Onsen Main Building^[27][28]And has been selected as a 2 starExtant 12 castle towerone ofMatsuyama CastleFamous forTourist cityThere is a law from the countryInternational Tourism and Culture CityHas been designated.

Since the beginning of the 2010s, redevelopment of the city area has been carried out and hotel construction^[29],JR Matsuyama StationSurrounding overpass maintenance^[30],Outer ring roadStretching^[31]Is progressing. Also of the tramMatsuyama AirportPlan to extend in the direction^[32]The city's function as the largest tourist city in Shikoku is being enhanced as a result of full-scale operation.

Education

National university

• Tokushima University
• Naruto University of Education
• Kagawa University
• 愛媛 大学
• Kochi University

Public university

• Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences
• Ehime Prefectural University of Medical Technology
• Kochi University of Technology
• Kochi Prefectural University

private university

• Shikoku University
• Tokushima Bunri University
• Shikoku Gakuin University
• Takamatsu University
• University of St. Catherine
• Matsuyama University
• Matsuyama Shinonome Women's University

College of technology

• Anan National College of Technology
• Kagawa National College of Technology
• Niihama National College of Technology
• Yuge National College of Technology(MOL)
• Kochi National College of Technology

Transportation

Shikoku has long beenKinaiGeographically located relatively close toboatHad to move in. Long time agoOsaka OfDeep sunBy boatAwaji Island OfSumotoCross over toAwaji RailwayFrom Sumoto usingGood luckMove in Awaji Island to, from Fukura by boat or ferry,NarutoThe most common route was to go to^{[Source required]}.. In connection with this, one theory of the origin of the name of Awaji Island,AwaThere is also a theory that it is "Awave Island" in the sense of going to^{[Source required]}.

IslandersHonshuWhen coming and going,Seto Inland SeaUntil the bridge was crossed toShowaAfter enteringAirwayAlso).

海While making it inconvenient to travel to and from Honshu,landIn, the topography of the island prevented traffic on the island. To cross ShikokuShikoku MountainsIs running and longtunnelUntil the civil engineering technology was established, the construction of railways and roads was extremely difficult.

Rail trafficIs initiallyHonshu OfSanyo Main LineBy contactingIyo Railway,Sanuki RailwayEtc. were constructed and then each prefectureTosa Electric Railway,Tokushima RailwayWith the improvement of such routes, the prefectural offices of each prefecture became able to move to each other by rail.ShowaIt was around the beginning^{[Source required]}.

20st centuryAs the railway entered and the railway was improved, it became easier to reach both Shikoku and Honshu.TakamatsuThe Shikoku branch of the company was set up in. Since the end of the 20th century,highwayThe rapid development of the web and the threeHonshu-Shikoku connecting bridgeWas also hungmotorizationIs progressing, and the center of long-distance transportation is from the previous railwayPrivate car,Express BusChanged to. This makes it close to Keihanshin and AwajishimaNarutoIs becoming an important point of transportation again. On the other hand,ferryWas taken by a highway bus21st centuryAfter entering, reduction and abolition occurred one after another.

In addition, "of four prefectures of Shikoku"Light vehicle ownership share of all vehicles(As of the end of March 2016, the national average was 3%) was 39.0%, which is the only number by region.^[33].Light carIs cheaper than regular cars, and is generally cheaper than regular cars.Fuel efficiencyBecause it is good, transportation by car is a well-established means of transportation in Shikoku.

As a tendency of Shikoku as a whole compared with the national average,Public transport(Train-Electric train,bus,Higher-Taxi) Is extremely low, and relatively human-powered (Walk,Bicycle) And private car system (Private car,オ ー ト バ イ) Account for a higher percentage. The trend is most remarkable in Tokushima City, and Kochi City is close to the average value in Shikoku. Matsuyama City has a relatively high proportion of human-powered personnel, a higher than average proportion of public transportation, and a remarkably high proportion of motorcycles for privately-owned vehicles, while a low proportion of privately-owned vehicles offsets this. As a result, the proportion of private car systems is the lowest among the four prefectures. Characteristic is Takamatsu City, where the proportion of privately-owned car systems is as high as that of Shikoku and shows the highest value, while on the contrary to the tendency of Shikoku as a whole, the proportion of public transportation is also high and this is also the highest. It shows the value and absorbs the low percentage of human power system. In addition, the proportion of public transportation in Takamatsu is largely biased towards railways, and the proportion of buses and taxis is the lowest.

Train

JR ShikokuConnects Okayama with each line connecting the cities of Takamatsu and Matsuyama, Kochi, and Tokushima.Seto Ohashi LineIs the main route.ElectrificationThe section isYosan lineTakamatsu-Matsuyama-Iyo City and Seto Ohashi Line,Dosan LineFrom Tadotsu to Kotohira.Double trackThe section of the Yosan line is only part of the Takamatsu-Tadotsu and Seto Ohashi lines.

National railwaySmokeless (replacement of steam locomotives with diesel vehicles) was promoted relatively early in the era, and automatic signalization was promoted, but after that, improvements in facilities and facilities were postponed, and until the last stage of the National Railways, the National Railways on Shikoku Island were used. There was no electrified section. Connects Kagawa and Ehime prefectures as of 2006Yosan lineMost of the JR lines on the island have not been electrified, except for the sections where the electrification and speedup have been actively promoted, such as some of the islands.

In addition, due to the limited vehicle width in some tunnels in the electrified section, vehicles of Honshu standard cannot be used, and there is inconvenience in direct operation with the Honshu line. Due to the adverse effect of the congestion of diamonds caused by the increase, many shunt lines are always evacuating trains waiting for exchange or honors. There were many difficult problems that had to be solved.

After the privatization, the speed of the routes between cities gradually increased, but due to the poor linearity of the mountainous terrain and the inability to increase the number of trains due to the single track, maintenance is progressing year by year.highwayUsing the netExpress BusIt is becoming impossible to counter. In addition to the fact that shipping is originally active and there is only one route for connecting the main line of the railway, there are three routes and the tourist routes are dispersed, so competition with each transportation system is extremely fierce. ..

As a drastic speedupShikoku ShinkansenAlthough there are plans, the maintenance of facilities such as bridges cannot be realized, mainly due to financial reasons, and there is no prospect of realization. In addition,2006年After that, we considered direct access to the ShinkansenFree gauge trainThe plan is being promoted, and since the beginning of the 2010sShinkansen Railway Standard ShinkansenThe concept of a high-speed separate line in Shikoku based on the idea of ​​(super limited express) has been proposed. Also,Hokkaido ShinkansenWith the opening of, the island became the only major island in which the Shinkansen is not running.

Private railway lines in each prefecture of Kagawa, Ehime, and Kochi are responsible for transportation in the suburbs of the prefecture capital (in Tokushima prefecture,Third sectorThere is no pure private railway line).

• In the line name of JR Shikoku,Regulatory countryTokushima Prefecture is the only prefecture whose name is not used.Yosan line,Dosan Line,Yodo LineHowever, there are no line names such as "Asan Line" or "Ayo Line".Tokushima~TakamatsuThe name of the inter-railway is "Kotoku LineIt is.
• Muroto CapeOperated by the third sector as a route to the directionAsa Kaigan Railway Asa East LineとTosa Kuroshio Railway Asa Line(Sorry, Nahari line) is laid, but both lines are not connected.

Shikoku Passenger Railway

Private Railway/Third Sector Line

Unfinished line(Routes that are planned or have been planned in the past)

• Asa Line Asa LineNahanri~Asato LineBetween Koura
• Sukumo Line Sukumo LineSukumoYosan lineBetween Uwajima
• Shikoku Shinkansen

bus

High-speed line

Due to the construction of the Honshi Bridge (described later) and the expressway on the island, many routes have been established between prefectures and between the island and Honshu.

In particular, the high-speed bus line connecting Tokushima and Takamatsu to Keihanshin has grown to be one of the best dollar box routes in Japan, with three to four hourly flights set during the day.

However, in recent years, the number of flights has been reduced or abolished due to the effect of a large discount on ETC.^[22][23][24].

General route

For high-speed high-speed buses, all bus routes are abolished in the west of Tadotsu in Kagawa Prefecture, and it can be said that general bus routes in each city are in a difficult situation.

However, when it is limited to Ehime prefecture and Tokushima suburbs, along the Toyo and Shimanami KaidoSetouchi Transport(And theSeto Inland Sea Traffic), but only in Shikoku in ChuyoOmnibus townThe Iyotetsu bus centered around Matsuyama city, which is designated asUwajima MotorとIyotetsu Nanyo BusHowever, in the suburbs of TokushimaTokushima Bus,Tokushima City BusEtc. are deploying high-frequency services.

Also in other prefectures with the assistance of local governmentsCommunity busThe situation of general route buses in Shikoku has been gradually improved, including the opening of routes.

Book bridge

Honshu-Shikoku connecting bridgeAs,Naruto~Kobe City,Sakaide~Kurashiki,Imabari~OnomichiThere are 3 routes. this house,Seto Ohashi BridgeIs a combined bridge of railway (double-track DC electrification) and highway,Onaruto BridgeIs designed for future use. Others are road-only bridges. Also,Setouchi Shimanami Kaido(Onomichi / Imabari route) also has a dedicated road for pedestrians, bicycles, and motorized bicycles (125cc or less).^[41].

Initially, first completed,Utaka ferryThe Seto Ohashi Bridge was positioned as the main route between the Honshi and the 2019th due to the existence of (XNUMX suspension), but since then, the flow between Honshu and Shikoku is moving to the completed Kobe Naruto route. This is a major JapaneseBig cityMost of the area is located in the region east of Shikoku and is one of the metropolitan areasKeihanshinToKobe Awaji Naruto ExpresswayA major factor is that they are directly connected at the shortest distance. In the future, especially in Tokushima prefecturehighwayIt is expected that more vehicles will be shifted from the Seto Ohashi bridge to the Kobe Naruto route once the nets are maintained.

Also, in Ehime prefectureImabari Komatsu ExpresswayAnd Hiroshima prefectureOnomichi ExpresswayThe number of vehicles shifting from the Seto Ohashi Bridge to the Shimanami Kaido is expected to increase with the maintenance.

• Kobe Awaji Naruto Expressway(Kobe Naruto route)
  • Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
  • Onaruto Bridge
  • Care bridge
• Seto Chuo Expressway(Kojima Sakaide route)
  • Shimotsui Seto Bridge
  • Hitsushijima Bridge
  • Iwagurojima Bridge
  • Yojima Bridge
  • North Bisan Seto Bridge
  • Minami Bisan Seto Bridge
• Nishi-Seto Expressway(Onomichi Imabari route,Setouchi Shimanami Kaido）
  • Shinomichi Bridge
  • Innoshima Bridge
  • Ikuguchi Bridge
  • Tatara Bridge
  • Omishima Bridge
  • Hakata/Oshima Bridge(Hakata Bridge,Oshima Bridge）
  • Kurushima Strait Bridge(Kurushima Kaikyo First Bridge-Kurushima Kaikyo Second Bridge-Kurushima Kaikyo Third Bridge）

In addition to the above three routes, a road with a cross section of the prefectural border between Hon-yō and the Hiroshima-Ehime prefectural borderOkamura BridgeExists. This is a remote island bridge project in Hiroshima PrefectureAkinada Islands communication bridgeIt is part of the Aki Nada Tobishima Kaido and is connected to Honshu, but not to the mainland of Shikoku. However, because it must be connecting the Honshu and Shikoku regions, it is sometimes jokingly called the back Shimanami Kaido or the fourth Honshi Bridge Route.

• Akinada Islands communication bridge(Aki Nada Tobishima Kaido)
  • Akinada Bridge
  • Kamari Bridge
  • Toshima Ohashi
  • Toyohama Ohashi
  • Hira Bridge
  • Seto Ohashi in the middle
  • Okamura Bridge

Road network

highway

Shikoku is domestichighwayWas especially delayed in the area. The first highway planned in ShikokuTokushima ExpresswayAnd the first opening1985年,Matsuyama Expressway OfMishima Kawanoe IC~Doi ICIn the middle (there is a sign along the road that says the birthplace of the highway in Shikoku). At the end of 1986, the expressway maintenance ratio was 34% nationwide, while Shikoku had a very low level of 2%.^[42].

After that, as a result of rapid maintenance,2000年In Shikoku 4Prefectural office locationAre connected by a highwayX highwayIs completed,2002年At the end of the year, the maintenance rate reached 66% and finally exceeded the national standard of 63%.^[43].. At present, the extension of the Matsuyama Expressway to the south direction,Kochi ExpresswayTo the western part of Kochi Prefecture,Shikoku Crossing ExpresswayTo the southern part of Tokushima prefecture (Naruto JCT~Anan IC), in addition, to eliminate highway blank areasAnan Aki Expressway,Kochi Matsuyama ExpresswayConstruction work such asShikoku 8-figure network"The aims.

Expressway network maintenancemotorizationWith the progress of the, the result was to activate mutual exchanges in Shikoku, which had been silent until then. As of 1990, the largest current destinations starting from Takamatsu City and Matsuyama City were cities outside Shikoku (Okayama City, Hiroshima City), but since 1995 cities in Shikoku (Tokushima City, Kochi City) Similarly, in Tokushima City and Kochi City as well, the total flow number itself is increasing toward Shikoku.^[19].

Initially, as a side effect of these expresswayStraw effectbyOsaka metropolitan areaThe possibility of an economic outflow to the Osaka area was pointed out, and the actual direct access to the Osaka areaKobe Awaji Naruto ExpresswayIn Tokushima Prefecture, which was opened to the public, the use of highway buses to the area is growing, and as of February 2008, there are 2 daily flights.^[44].. But this phenomenon was abolished in 2002 with ferriesTokushima AirfieldItami flightIt is the result of the user switching to the highway bus^[42], The total number of flows to the Osaka area is flat or decreasing year by year, and conversely, the number of flows to Kagawa prefecture is increasing year by year^[19].. This same concernTakamatsu roadItano IC~Takamatsu Chuo ICIt was also pointed out in Kagawa Prefecture at the time of its opening, and the demand for high-speed buses Kobe and Osaka is actually increasing, but the flow itself to the Osaka area has leveled off, and to Okayama Prefecture, which was the overwhelming majority until 1990. Flow has sharply decreased, and the flow to Tokushima has increased sharply and exceeded it.^[19].

As a phenomenon that is occurring at the same time, the flow of people in Shikoku as a whole is beginning to concentrate in Takamatsu City, and it tends to increase its centrality year by year.^[20].. The reason for this is the improvement of the expressway network and the progress of motorization. For example, the largest destination in Tokushima in 1990 was Keihanshin, but during the 1999 survey, it changed to Takamatsu.^[45].

• Sections open as of January 2020

General national road

Tokushima-Matsuyama-Takamatsu-KochiConnect the four prefectural officesNational Route 11-National Route 32-National Route 33-National Route 55-National Route 56Etc. form the core of the road network. AlsoNational Route 28-National Route 30-National Route 317 Honshu-Shikoku connecting bridgeThrough Honshu,National Route 197 National Route XNUMX FerryIt connects to Kyushu through.

Many of the routes that pass through the mountains are undeveloped,National Route 193-National Route 439I do not think it is a national road likebottleneck・Routes with bad roads still remain (often "Rough roadIs ridiculed as such). There are many mountainous areas and there is a small population in the inland area,Shikoku in generalRoad maintenance rateIs lower than other regions^{[Source required]}.

There is no single-digit national highway in Shikoku, and the route with the lowest number is national highway 11. The double-digit national highways are all in the 11s and 28s except the 30th and 50th, and the 190-digit national highways are all in the 300s, 400s and 200s. There are no 1 national highways.

V-shaped route

Showa 40'sTourismIn advertising, as a route proposal to efficiently travel the major tourist destinations in Shikoku,Matsuyama City-Kochi-TakamatsuThe route connecting (National Route 32,National Route 33) Was considered, and because it is just the letter "V" of the alphabet, it came to be called the V-shaped root.

Route

RitsuryoToNankaidoIt was a corner of the area, and it was a region that moved by boat. The same situation continued after modern times,Honshu-Shikoku connecting bridgeThe number of regular passenger routes decreased drastically due to the service.

Main routes

• Utaka route
  • In Tamano City, Okayama PrefectureUno PortAnd in Takamatsu City, Kagawa PrefectureTakamatsu PortTie It used to be the main route, but as of 2020 it is suspended.
• Route connecting Kagawa Prefecture and Kansai
  • Takamatsu East Port~(partSakate Port) ~Kobe Port(Jumbo Ferries）
  • Fukuda Port~Himeji Port(Shodoshima Ferry）
• ShodoshimaRoute connecting Okayama Prefecture
  • Tonosho Port~Shinokayama Port(Shodoshima Ferry,Ryobi Ferry）
  • Tonosho Port~Karatsu Port~Ieura Port~Uno Port(Shodoshima Toshima Ferry）
  • Obe Port~Nissa Port(Setouchi sightseeing steamer）
• Route connecting Tokyo with Tokushima and Kyushu
  • Tokyo Port~Tokushima Port~Shinji Port(Ocean Tokyu Ferry）
• Aki route
  • A route connecting Tokushima and Wakayama prefectures.In eastern ShikokuKobe Awaji Naruto ExpresswayIt was used as one of the main routes to Honshu until the entire route. CurrentlyTokushima PortとWakayama PortTieNankai FerryHas inherited this route.
• Asose route
  • A route connecting Tokushima prefecture, Osaka prefecture, and Hyogo prefecture.It prospered as a direct connection between Tokushima and Osaka from ancient times,Kobe Awaji Naruto ExpresswayAll routes were abolished along with all of the above.
• Route connecting Ehime Prefecture and Kansai
  • Toyo Port~Osaka Nanko
  • Niihama East Port~Kobe Port
• Route connecting Ehime and Hiroshima prefectures (Geiyo route)
  • Matsuyama Port~Kure Port~Hiroshima Port
• Route connecting Ehime and Yamaguchi prefectures
  • Matsuyama Port~Yanai Port
• The route connecting Shikoku and Kyushu
  • Matsuyama Port~Kokura Port
  • Yawatahama Port~Usuki Port
  • Yawatahama Port~Beppu Port
  • Misaki Port~Saganoseki Port
  • Sukumo Bay Port~Saiki Port

空港

Book bridgeUntil then, the only means of mass transportation with Honshu is by ship, and JR Shikoku has many single-track sections and the number of trains is limited.ShinkansenToOkayama stationSince there is a need to change trains at the airport, there has been a high demand for aviation from the past, and medium-sized or larger aircraft can take off and land in the vicinity of the prefectural offices of 4 prefectures.空港Has been maintained. On domestic routes, Tokyo flights, which are in strong demand, are operating from all airports, and especially in Matsuyama and Kochi, which are geographically far from neighboring cities.Sanyo Shinkansen,Express BusSince the time required will greatly increase when you use, we have routes for short-distance flights such as the three major metropolitan areas and Kyushu. On the other hand, there are no regular flights from Kochi and Tokushima on international routes, but there are Asian flights from Takamatsu to Seoul/Shanghai/Taiwan and from Matsuyama to Shanghai/Seoul. In addition,Takamatsu AirportとTokushima AirfieldThe straight line distance is about 55 km, and it isKIXIs about 65km, with Takamatsu AirportOkayama AirportIs close to 62 km.

• Charter flightsIncluding the number of passengers
• Three major metropolitan areasFlights toTaizi
• Number of passengers at airports nationwideJapanese airports #statisticsreference
• Type XNUMX: Takamatsu Airport, Matsuyama Airport, Kochi Airport (Kochi Ryoma Airport)
• SDFShared with: Tokushima Airfield

culture

dialect

Southwestern Ehime Prefecture and Southwestern Kochi PrefectureTokyo accentHowever, other than that, in the wide area of ​​ShikokuKeihan accent,Tarui-style accentIs used in eastern Ehime and western Tokushima, mainly in Kagawa prefecture.Sanuki style accentIs used. OverallKansai dialectIn terms of vocabulary and vocabulary in the area facing SetouchiChinese dialectThere are many things in common with. Meanwhile, from the Nanyo district of Ehime prefecture to the western part of Kochi prefectureWeinan areaHas a light Kansai color and has a unique dialect in Shikoku.

• Awaben: The most accent and wording in the Shikoku dialectKansai dialectHas a strong influence (however, the accent was used in the early modern KansaiKeihan accentIs). The widespread reception of TV in Osaka in Tokushima seems to promote proximity to Kansai. On the other hand, in the western part of the prefecture such as Ikeda, the Sanuki dialect has a strong influence,Sanuki style accentIs used.
• Sanuki dialect: There is a feature in accent, which is different from the so-called Keihan style mainstream. It is said that the accent used in the upper part of the Middle Ages changed independently (Sanuki style accent). The vocabulary and wording have many similarities with the Chinese dialect.
• Iyoben: Toyo district such as SaijoSanuki style accentThe Chuyo region such as Matsuyama is almost the same as the modern Kansai regionKeihan accentNanyo region such as UwajimaTokyo accentAnd, it is rich in variety. As with the Sanuki dialect, the vocabulary and vocabulary have many similarities with the Chinese dialect. The dialect of Nanyo has few Kinki elements and is also used in the western part of Kochi prefecture.Hata dialectBecause there are many things in common, the Minami Yoben and Hata Dialects are collectively called the Weinan dialect (Southwestern Shikoku dialect).
• Tosa dialect: The same as the Awaben used in the early KansaiKeihan accentHolds strongly. Unlike other Shikoku dialects, in terms of vocabulary and vocabulary, there are many distinctive phrases.
• Hata dialect : Tokyo accentIs used. There are also many unique vocabularies that Tosa dialect does not have. Western Kochi (Hata-gunandShimanto CityFormer Hata-gun area such as), because it has a lot in common with the dialect of Nanyo district of Ehime prefecture, it may be treated as a dialect of both.

Festival

Saijo Festival, Etc. are festivals whose main purpose is Shinto ritual, Awa Odori, Yosakoi Festival, etc.Three major festivals in ShikokuIs famous, but mainly danceShikoku four big festivalsIs also known.

• Three major festivals in Shikoku
  • Awa dance:TokushimaTokushima,Narutoetc.
  • Yosakoi Festival:Kochi PrefectureKochi
  • Niihama Taiko Festival:Ehime PrefectureNiihama
• Shikoku four big festivals
  • Awaodori: Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture, Naruto City, etc.
  • Yosakoi Festival: Kochi City, Kochi Prefecture
  • Sanuki Takamatsu Festival:Kagawa PrefectureTakamatsu
  • Matsuyama Festival:Ehime PrefectureMatsuyama City
• Other
  • :Kagawa PrefectureNakatado-gunKotohira Town
  • Toyohama Butterfly Festival:Kagawa PrefectureKanonji
  • Onmaku:Ehime PrefectureImabari
  • Japanese spiritual festival:Ehime PrefectureUwajima City
  • Matsuyama Autumn Festival: Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture
  • Saijo Festival:Ehime PrefectureSaijo City
  • Doi Taiko Festival:Ehime PrefectureShikokuchuo City

Traditional crafts

Food culture:

Each prefecture has many unique local products and local dishes. The specialty products that cross the prefectureUdon,Wasanbonand so on. Also, as foods sold nationwidePocari Sweat,Pon juiceAre typical. For the specialty products and local dishes of each prefecture, see the section of each prefecture.

• Tokushima Prefecture Foods
• Foods in Kagawa
• Ehime Prefecture's food
• Kochi foods

Main sights and historical sites

Of the tourist destinations that represent ShikokuRitsurin Park(Special scenic spot)WhenJapan's Sankoyu OfDogo Onsen(Dogo Onsen Main BuildingIs an important cultural property) and has been selected as a 3 star by the Michelin Guide.

Shrine-Buddhist templeThen gather worshipers from all over the country before the Edo periodKotohira Shrine(Konpira-san)88 locations in ShikokuThere is a sacred place, and the entertaining culture where the pilgrims (pilgrims) are welcomed by local residents is rooted. Especially at the XNUMX sacred sites in ShikokuPilgrimageIn recent yearsworld HeritageActivities aiming for registration are underway.

cityThen.Extant 12 castle towerOut ofMarugame Castle,Matsuyama Castle,Uwajima Castle,Kochi CastleThere are four of them in Shikoku, and in addition to these,Imabari Castle,Takamatsu Castleand so on.

XNUMX famous castles in Japan

By train, run along the Shimanto RiverYodo LineThree brothers,Yosan line OfIyo Nada Monogatari,Iyo RailwayTourist trains such as "Bocchan train" are in operation. In addition to Shikoku, which is rich in nature,Iya ValleyThere are many scenic spots (see also the geography item for natural scenic spots).

Sports

Of the following items, the teams that are both management and professional players are the soccer J League, basketball B league, and baseball Shikoku Island League plus teams.

Ice hockey

J Ice West Division(West Japan League)

• Kagawa Ice Fellows(Takamatsu）

サ ッ カ ー

soft ball

basketball

Japan Professional Basketball League(B League)

• Kagawa Five Arrows(Takamatsu City)
• Ehime Orange Vikings(Matsuyama City)

BoysRegional league(Chugoku-Shikoku Kyushu League)

• Shikoku Electric Power Basketball Club (Takamatsu City)
• Toray Ehime Basketball Club (Matsumae Town)
• Shodoshima Stones (Tonosho Town)

Women's Regional League (West Japan League)

• Imabari Orange Blossom (Imabari City)

badminton

Japan LeagueWomen's 2nd Division

• Hyakuju Bank(Takamatsu City)

volleyball

Challenge league(Girl)

• Kenshokai(Tokushima）
• Shikoku Eighty 8 Queen(Takamatsu City)

handball

Business woman

• Kagawa Bank TH(Takamatsu City)

hockey

baseball

rugby

Top west

• Zentsuji SDF(Zentsuji）

Athletics

From

See the list below for celebrities from Shikoku.

• List of people from Tokushima Prefecture
• List of people from Kagawa Prefecture
• List of people from Ehime prefecture
• List of people from Kochi Prefecture

footnote

注 釈

Source

References

• Ministry of Internal Affairs and CommunicationsStatistics Bureau "The 26rd Japan Statistical Yearbook 2013," Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, XNUMX.
• Masaaki Tanaka "Japanese Lake Magazine 2" Nagoya University Press, 2004.ISBN-4 8158-0492-3

Related item

• Former parents of Chosogabe
• Nankaido
• Chugoku / Shikoku region
• Setouchi region
• Setouchi Industrial Area
• 88 locations in Shikoku
• Shikoku Village(Four National House Museum)
• Shikoku City
• Map of Shikoku region
• Shikoku - SaturnSatellite ofTitanPlace name. It was named in August 2005 due to its similar shape to Shikoku.
• Shikoku (4223 Shikoku)-Discovered in 1988小 惑星.. It was named after Shikoku.
• Shikoku- Yosan lineOnce operatedExpress train.Ishizuchi (train)See.
• Geography of japan,Region of Japan
• Japan,Japanese archipelago,Native, Remote island,Yoshima
• (I.e.,Island country

Other main islands of Japan

• Hokkaido
• Honshu
• Kyusyu
• Okinawa Island (It is a common nameOkinawa main islandOfficial name)

Coordinate: 33°45'N 133°30'E /33.750 degrees north latitude 133.500 degrees east longitude / 33.750; 133.500