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🍴 ｜ Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi (Sakuramachi, Kamitori, Shimotori, Kyomachi, etc.) Minami-ku gourmet & outing information ｜ Ribikumanyu-su popular article…

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Kumamoto City Chuo Ward (Sakuramachi, Kamitori, Shimotori, Kyomachi, etc.) Minami Ward Gourmand & Outing Information |

　
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A vending machine where you can try sake from all 27 kuramoto Kuma shochu ... It's just exciting!　

The editorial and sales staff of Kumamoto Living Shimbun, which publishes Living Kumamoto, will introduce Kumamoto gourmet spot information, etc ...　→ Continue reading

　Living Kumamoto Web

Kumamoto City, Aso, Amakusa, and other local and outing information sites throughout Kumamoto

Wikipedia related words

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    Haruma shochu

    Haruma shochu(Kumashochu) isKumamotoKuma-gunandHitoyoshiManufactured inRice shochu[1].. Known as a representative of rice shochu[2],National Tax AgencyBy liquorGeographical indicationTo1995Registered in[1].

    Manufacturing method and features

    Geographical indicationIn order to be subject to[1].

    • 原料
      • Only domestic rice is used as the raw material grain
      • Made from domestic ricemaltUse only
      • Kuma-gun or HitoyoshiUse only water sampled in
    • Manufacturing method
      • fermentationanddistillationIs held in Kuma-gun or Hitoyoshi City
      • Made from rice, rice koji, and waterNigiriTheSingle distillerIs being distilled by
        • For rice mash made from rice koji and water, only rice mash and water are added to the primary mash and further fermented.
      • Store in Kuma-gun or Hitoyoshi City
      • Refill the shipping container in Kuma-gun or Hitoyoshi city

    1970After that, white koji mold is the mainstream, but black koji mold and yellow koji mold may be used to enhance individuality.[1].. In the first nigiriyeastAfter steaming rice, add steamed rice and ferment at 27-32 degrees (25 degrees for Aspergillus oryzae) for 10-15 days to obtain secondary mash[3].. Secondary nigiriAlcohol degreeReaches 17-20 degrees[3].. Vacuum distillation is mainly used for distillation, and atmospheric distillation and blending of both are also performed.[3].

    Characterized by the mild sweetness and refreshing flavor of rice, the atmospherically distilled one has a unique scent of rice, and the vacuum distilled one has a fruity aroma.[1].. The alcohol content used to be as high as 35 or 40 degrees,Second World WarMade 25 degrees from the inside[4].

    Geographical factors

    KumaHitoyoshi BasinLocated inside,Kyushu regionAs for the average winter temperature is low and the temperature difference is large[1].. From autumn to spring(I.e.Is often generated, and when shochu is stored or at low temperaturefermentationSuitable for[1].Kuma RiverWater basedSoft waterAs a raw material, it enhances the sweetness of rice and supports high-quality rice production with abundant water and excellent water quality.[1].. The rich rice yieldThe early modern periodWas also a big advantage for rice shochu production from[1].

    how to drink

    MasuAt 2Together5Spoon(450Milliliter) Weighed and called a galaCaracallaPut it in a sake bottle likeSmoked(Shinkan), not a cupInoguchiThe traditional way to drink was[4].Hot water allocationIn some cases,Refrigerator Becomes popularon the rocksI was getting drunk more often[5].Kuma KenI often drink while drinking, playing 1 games in the first round, and each loser drinks shochu with his mouth[6].

    History

    The early modern period

    Eiroku2 years(1559)Distilled spiritsThere is a purlin card with the oldest description in Japan regardingIsa OfKoriyama Hachiman ShrineAt that timeSagaraWas under the influence of[7].. Adjacent KumaEdo PeriodIt was the territory of Mr. Sagara, and it seems that there were techniques for shochu early[7].. Although the transmission route of technology is unknown,AwamoriUse forCaracallaIt's a gala that is very similar toSake bottleOr usingMeijiFrom the point that shochu was called "awamori" at Kuma,RyukyuIs suggested to be[8].

    Hoei7 years(1710)of"MessengerAccording to "Otai no Makusho", the production and sale of shochu was approved.Sake stockHaveBrewer Hitoyoshi CastleThere were 18 in Tokyo and 2 in nearby Ohata village.[2].. As a raw material for shochuRiceIs Kuma 345 a yearstone(62Kiloliter) Only and valuableCold buildingExcept whenMilletMade from, the price is 1升At 1MommeWas about 6 minutes[2].Extended enjoyment3 years(1746), 9 of the breweries in Hitoyoshi Castle are closed[2].. The sake liquor strain was required for the sale of shochu, but it was free for private consumption and festival production.[9].

    Bunsei11 years(1828)Siebold typhoonThe production of rice shochu was banned until the following year due to the bottoming out of rice caused by the damage of theMasanori TashiroIs banned byTempo12 years(1841)ofMushroom disturbanceIs said to have contributed to[9].Ansei5 years(1858)choleraFollowing the fashion ofDragon Brain,camphorIt is good to dissolve the syrup in shochu and rub it on your body."[9].

    Since modern times

    1871When the liquor stock system was abolished in (Meiji 4), the number of sake brewers in Kuma increased to 60.[10].. With the development of transportation, Kuma shochu began to be distributed to other areas, and became popular throughout the country in the middle of the Meiji era.[11].. For the purpose of improving the dripping rate1913From aroundbrown ricenotWhite riceCame to be the raw material, and at the same timeTwo-stage preparationCame to be done[12]. afterwards,1923Has 53 manufacturers and annual output of 1,723 kiloliters[10].1942From around that time, like Kagoshima PrefectureNigiriI started to prepare the first and second[3].

    Second World WarAfter that, shochu making with rice was banned for 1945 years from 5, during which timesweet potatoWas used as a raw material[10][12].. on the other hand,1940From around that time, instead of Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger,1950From around that time, Aspergillus oryzae has been used,1970By that time, most businesses started to use Aspergillus oryzae[3].1973ToFukuokaWhen the vacuum distiller developed in XNUMX was used in Kuma, soft rice shochu was made and was well received,1980から1985Production of Kuma Shochu has doubled in the last five years[3][13].

    the 1990sWith the shochu boom, production increased from 13,000 kiloliters to 20,000 kiloliters.1995AlcoholicGeographical indicationRegistered as a brand[13].21st centuryAfter entering, we proceeded with brand creation, such as creating a logo mark unified by 28 breweries,2006Is the first shochuRegional collective trademarkIs getting[13].

    footnote

    1. ^ a b c d e f g h i National Tax Agency Attachment/Geographical indication "Kuma" production standards
    2. ^ a b c d Takada Soji 1987, p. 630
    3. ^ a b c d e f Liquor Research Institute 2017, p. 4
    4. ^ a b Takada Soji 1976, p. 32
    5. ^ Takada Soji 1976, p. 33
    6. ^ Takada Soji 1976, p. 34
    7. ^ a b Nakano Gen 2007, p. 19
    8. ^ Takada Soji 1987, p. 632
    9. ^ a b c Takada Soji 1987, p. 631
    10. ^ a b c Kuma Shochu Association Kuma Shochu/Culture
    11. ^ Japan Society for the Creation of Zouban Magazine 1973, p. 369
    12. ^ a b Nozhiroichi 1951, p. 285
    13. ^ a b c Nakano Gen 2007, p. 20

    References

    外部 リンク

    vending machine

    vending machine(I'm sorry,British: vending machine) Means that an unspecified number of peoplecurrency(currency) Or by inserting a card etc. that replaces it and paying the price automaticallyProducts(Of goods)BuyTo be able to receive services and servicesmachine[1][2].Vending machine(Jihanki) is also abbreviated.ticket,food voucherFor machines that sell tickets such as(Automatic ticket vending machineAlso says.

    Overview

    Vending machines are when you pay money (for example, cash (coins and banknotes))Electronic moneyTouch the card in)push buttonIt is a machine that can automatically purchase goods (goods, information, services) by operating it.With a machine that has a mechanism to receive goods and prepare fishing if you pay for it and operate the machinechangeCan be received.

    However,Public telephoneAnd entertainment machines (jukebox,arcade gameMachines, etc.) are generally unmanned and automatically provided, but are generally not included in the category of vending machines.[3].

    From the point of view of the seller of the product, it is a machine that sells it automatically. Lack of manpowerPersonnel expensesIt is effective as a measure against soaring,Days Off,NightHas the advantage that[3].. Vending machineMech robotIt can be said that it is a kind of. From the product buyer's point of view, the vending machine provides the product even on holidays and nights when manned stores are closed.

    The oldest vending machine in the world is said to have been the ancient Egyptian holy water vending machine described in Hero of Alexandria's book.The 1615 British vending machine for buying cigarettes with coins still exists today.In Japan, in 1890, Shuzo Ono and Takashi Tawaraya each obtained a patent for a vending machine.

    Detail is"#historySee

    Vending machines can be broadly divided into goods vending machines and vending service machines.

    Detail is"#Classification/TypeSee

    Modern vending machines are generally composed of "money equipment", "instruction equipment", "storage / processing equipment", and "sales equipment".

    Detail is"#Structure and structureSee

    Most vending machines operate electrically or by the weight of coins or a mechanism operated by the purchaser.[4].

    in recent years,Electronic moneyOr at the time of purchaseKey PointsSome have the function of adding.Also recentlydisasterSometimes drinkGratisFunctions provided byAutomatic external defibrillator(AED) storage,無線 LANSome have added special features such as the access point function of.

    Detail is"#MultifunctionalSee

    Vending machines consumeelectricitySize,Light pollutionproblem,Minor Ofsmoking,DrinkingImpact ontheftWe have faced various problems such as problems, but measures have been taken to deal with the problems, and new models that have evolved have been repeatedly introduced.Even nowCashless paymentThe development and introduction of models corresponding to the above are gradually being carried out.

    Detail is"#Problems and countermeasuresSee

    Corresponding coins and banknotes (in Japan)

    The following coins and banknotes are supported by general vending machines located on the street corners of Japanese cities:

    History

    First vending machine

    The world's first vending machine is a device for selling holy water installed in ancient Egyptian temples.[5].. This device had a structure in which, when 5 drachma coins were inserted, the stopper was opened by the weight of the coins and water came out from the faucet.[5].. This descriptive illustration isHeron of AlexandriaIn the book "Pneumatika" (the original is lost, but the 1587 manuscript is in the Italian National Library)[6]..However, it is not known whether it was Heron's own invention or a description of his teacher's invention, and the inventor of this device is unknown.[5].. Also, it is not clear how widely used the device is.[5].

    United Kingdom

    The oldest existing vending machine is1615In a British cigarette vending machine,Japanese cuisine tavernAnd was installed in an inn[5]..It is a mechanism that the lid can be opened and the product can be taken out by inserting a half-pence coin from the coin slot at the top of the box, but after the lid is opened, it is necessary to close it manually, and the innkeeper or servant closes the lid. It wasn't practical because it was closed[6].

    In the UK1857To DenhamPoststampFirst time for a vending machinePatentWas granted[7].

    America

    The United States of AmericaThen.1884Granted patent for Fluen's automatic withdrawal device[7].

    1888Thomas Adams developed a machine to sell his own gum and installed it at the station[6]..Also, the idea of ​​adding gameplay to promote sales to vending machines is1897Small by Pulver Manufacturing CompanyEur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu OfbonusThe one with the attachment was installed.This idea spread as a new mechanism known as the trade stimulator,Slot machine,PinballWill lead to the birth of.

    1925Has developed a cigarette vending machine that can sell a wide variety of products at different prices, and it is generally said that this started the history of modern vending machines.[8].

    Japan

    In Japan, it is not a vending machine for goods, but in 1876 (Meiji9 years)Ueno Onshi ParkThere is a record that an automatic weight measuring device was installed in the newspaper reading center inside, but the manufacturer and installation period are unknown.[6].

    As a vending machine for selling goods,1890(Meiji 23), two patents were granted: a vending machine patent (filed in March 1888, patent No. 3) and a vending machine patent (filed in December 848, patent No. 1888). Patent[7][9].. Of these, Takachika Tawaraya made equipments upon request from the post office.Choshu clan(CurrentYamaguchi )ofShimonosekiAs a joiner, and exhibited at the 1890rd National Industrial Expo in 3.[9]..The vending machines in Tawaraya are already equipped with slag ejector (elimination of counterfeit coins) and coin return (return of coins when sold out) functions, which is a pioneer that was not found in Western equipment at that time. there were[10].. "Automated postage stamps," invented by Tawaraya in 1904 (Meiji 37)postcard"Selling machine" is the oldest existing vending machine in Japan,Communication MuseumThe name of Tawaraya is widely known as the first vending machine inventor in Japan because it is held in the exhibition and the above-mentioned cigarette vending machine was exhibited at the exhibition.

    Meiji EraVarious vending machines were manufactured in Japan, but most of them were sporadic and experimental, and were not at a level that was generally established.[11].

    1924(TaishoIn 13) Koichiro Nakayama entered the bagConfectioneryProduced a vending machine of the type, which is considered to be Japan's first popular vending machine.[12].

    1951 OfAsahi ShimbunThen, as an article by an American correspondent,The New York TimesThe cup-type soft drink vending machine that existed in the office of Japan is featured. It is reported that if you insert 25 cents silver coins, 5 4 cents bronze coins will come out as change, and that the cup will be set automatically and a fixed amount of soft drink will come out, and it is reported that it is dull at the same time. Can be seen that this type of vending machine did not exist or was uncommon[13].

    ShowaIn the early 30's, vending machines moved from rare machines to full-scale commercialization.[14].

    Vending machines rapidly spread in the 40s. As a factor,1967(Showa 42)100 yen-50 yenNew coins (White copperIs issued.[15].

    In particular1967ToNational railwayIn urban areas as part of streamliningShort distance ticketIt is said that the introduction of a vending machine for issuing tickets had a major impact.

    The number of vending machines installed all over Japan is20st centuryThe inside continues to increase,2000(HeiseiIn 12, it reached a peak of 560 million units.21st centuryAfter entering, it started to decrease,2007At the end of (19)Japan Vending Machine Manufacturers AssociationAccording to a survey of 540 units, 5,300% of which are for beverage sales,2008(20)12At the end, the trend continues with 526 million units[16].. Sales from vending machines also start at 2000 trillion yen in 72008(20) decreased to 5 billion yen[16].. The ratio of buyers in Japan is 9: 1 for men[16]..The highest shipment value of industrial products for vending machines in Japan isMieIs[17]..The largest number of vending machines producedYokkaichi[Note 1]So, about 12 units are produced annually.

    stationThen.KioskIn many cases, the kiosk is replaced with a vending machine in order to reduce the inconvenience of customers after the store is closed or to cut labor costs.Also in recent yearsSuicaVending machines dedicated to payment of electronic commerce for transportation such as these have also appeared.This contributes to lowering the maintenance cost of the machine by omitting the moving parts that handle money.[18].

    Classification/Type

    Vending machines can be roughly classified into goods vending machines and automatic service machines.[3].

    Internationally, vending machines are mostly classified as vending machines for goods (847619), vending machines for beverages, other vending machines, and parts (the following are heating or refrigerating functions). It is only classified whether to self-collect).

    Is classified very finely, and is classified as a vending machine (58) among vending machines and automatic service machines (581). Vending machines are roughly classified into goods vending machines (5811) and service information vending machines (5812), and further detailed classifications are provided below.

    Vending machine for goods

    Generally, various containers that have been chilled or warmed (can-bottle-PET bottles・Beverages containing paper packages/cups,Cup noodle,Sweet bread-Confectionery,tobacco,magazine-News (Chinese)Many of them are easy to save.Also, in special places, it is ground and extracted from beans each time.coffee,Frozen foodBuilt-in (fried rice balls, fried noodles, etc.)microwaveThere is also a vending machine that is warmed up and offered. As for noodles, there is a type in which boiled noodles are boiled and then served with soup. In the case of cup noodles, some are served with hot water and come with chopsticks.

    Transportationticket,Limited express ticket,amusement park,Theme parkAdmission tickets, etc.prepaid cardSuch as those that sell products in the form of tickets,Automatic ticket vending machineAlso called.

    In recent years, customers have adopted a method called "self-service" in which customers themselves place orders for oils and fats such as gasoline with a refueling machine and perform all operations up to refueling themselves.gas stationHas increased. Again, the refueling machine itself is a kind of vending machine.

    The products handled by manual vending machines areChewing gum,チ ョ コ レ ー トSuch as sweetsNews (Chinese)And so on.

    • Multilingual ticket vending machine (Deutsche Bahn)

      Multilingual ticket vending machine (German railway）

    • Gum vending machine

      Gum vending machine

    • A vending machine with a uniform appearance

      A vending machine with a uniform appearance

    Newspaper vending machines (see the image above) are a method in which the case is unlocked when coins are inserted for the amount of money, the case is manually opened, and a part of the newspaper is grabbed and taken out from the bundle of newspapers.In order to display one side of the newspaper, only a part is placed so as to cover the transparent window of the case from the inside, and the last purchaser takes out the newspaper.After that, it becomes clear that the inside of the case is empty.There is no mechanism to prevent fraudulent activity of taking out multiple copies at once.Since it does not require electricity, it costs little to manage, and because the vending machines and product costs are low, it is not affected much by theft damage. It is one of.

    Service information vending machine

    In the Japanese standard merchandise classification, the vending machine (581) is classified into an article vending machine (5811) and a service information vending machine (5812), and the service information vending machine is a kind of vending machine. There is. Employment information vending machines and PC software vending machines are exemplified in the Japanese standard product classification. The international HS Code does not have such a detailed classification.

    • Employment information vending machine
    • PC software vending machines-onceSoft vendor TAKERU(Formerly "Takeru"). Blank the software downloaded or read from the built-in optical disc media.Disk media,Rom cassetteI wrote it on and sold it.

    Automatic service machine

    Like a vending machineTangible thingInstead of providing intangibleServicesEspecially the machines that provideAutomatic service machineCall[19]..The international HS code is in the category of "vending machines for goods (for example, for postage stamps, tobacco, food or beverages, including money changers)" (8476), such as money changers. Although it is not distinguished from the above, the vending machine (581) and the automatic service machine (582) are classified as different devices in the Japanese standard product classification.

    Classification of automatic service machines according to Japanese standard product classification (numbers are product codes)

    Fine classification and handling items in Japan

    Basically,1990(Heisei 2) Enter according to (partly added) revised in June. In the case of goods, it is divided into food type (food/beverage) and non-food type.

    convenience storeAnd open 24 hourssupermarketThe number of items to sell has decreased compared to a year ago due to the increase in the number of stores. Currently, the most common vending machines in Japan areTicket-vending machineDrinks and ice cream that are in high demand, difficult to buy face-to-faceコ ン ド ー ム.

    • Newspaper vending machine "News-kun" (at the Mainichi Shimbun release office)

      Newspaper vending machine "News-kun" (Mainichi Newspapers(At the emission sales office)

    • Amulet vending machine (Zenkoji)

      Amulet vending machine (Zenkoji)

    • Sticker vending machine

      Sticker vending machine

    • Dry cell vending machine

      Dry cell vending machine

    • "Zoom shop" where iPod is also sold [24]

      iPodWill also be soldzoom shop'[24]

    • Vending machine with only electrical equipment

      Vending machine with only electrical equipment

    • Stationery and confectionery vending machines (library)

      Stationery and confectionery vending machines (library)

    • Vending machines such as lingerie

      Vending machines such as lingerie

    • Memorial medal vending machine (Chahira Kogyo)

      Memorial medal vending machine (Chahira Kogyo)

    • Stamp vending machine

      Stamp vending machine

    • Business card vending machine

      Business card vending machine

    • Unattended auto rental video store

      Unattended auto rental video store

    • Capsule toy vending machine (Cosmos)

      Vending machine for capsule toys (Cosmos）

    • Car wash vending machine

      Car wash vending machine

    • Self-service gas station fuel vending machine

      Self-service gas station fuel vending machine

    • Vending machine for new coronavirus PCR test kit

      New coronavirusPCR testKit vending machine

    • Mask vending machine

      MASKSVending machine

    • Gold vending machine in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

      United Arab Emirates-DubaiIn the cityFriVending machine

    Unusual vending machine

    • The founder of the movieKinetoscopeThere was also a coin-operated one in Japan, but in Japan8 mm filmでmoviesThere was a playground equipment and a vending machine for Glico.
    • い く つ か のCrepeSpecialty stores have installed vending machines.However, since it does not last for a long time, it must be replenished and discarded every morning, and it may not be sold on closed days of the parent store.
    • (I.e.The only canned beer in JapanCase sellingThere are vending machines.
    • People's Republic of ChinaNanjingIsShanghai crabThere are vending machines. You can buy live crabs for 1-10 yuan, which is cheaper than the market price. The inside is kept at 50-5℃ to keep the crab fresh, and when replenishing it is checked for dead crabs. Should a dead crab come out, provide 10 live crabs free of charge[25].
    • 20111/19ToKasumigaseki StationAn apple vending machine has appeared in.It is cut to a size that is easy to eat, and you can choose with or without skin[26].
    • Don QuixoteFor example, there is a store with a vending machine for discriminants that will engrave on the spot if you select a typeface.[27].
    • In the past, pachinko and pachislot stores used to have vending machines that used pachinko balls and medals to buy cigarettes and beverages instead of banknotes and coins, but the lending face value has changed since the spread of 1-yen pachinko machines. Due to the frequent use of pachinko balls and medals for purchase, they are rarely used at present except for some privately owned stores.
    • Not the vending machine itself, but a rare item as a product we handle,Free waterThere is.In some hospitalsInternal medicineOrDehydrationAs a countermeasure, free water may be provided by vending machines installed in the hospital.

    Declining vending machines

    The types of vending machines that have not completely disappeared, but are rapidly disappearing, include the following.

    • Liquor vending machine ――Vending machines for alcoholic beverages are the same as cigarettesPurchase / drinking by minorsIn addition to causingDrunk drivingThe number of fatal accidents caused by社会 問題Due to the change, it is currently declining rapidly.You will also need it when purchasing from a cigarette vending machine.TaspoNo special card for liquor vending machines such as[28]..In addition, there is a balance with drunk driving (especially unlicensed drunk driving), and many of the devices used for adult identification in liquor vending machines are in the form of inserting a driver's license.[29]..Many of the places where they are installed are the storefronts of private liquor stores and employee dormitories.
    • Large-capacity PET bottle handling vending machine ――Many of the vending machines for beverages used to be filled with large-capacity PET bottled beverages such as 1.5 liters and 2 liters and sold, but they are open 24 hours a day.Convenience store,SupermarketHas declined as the number of people has increased so much that it has become easier to buy affordable ones.Currently, there are only a few left in Shibuya, Tokyo.
    • Bottled beverage vending machine ――Before the spread of PET bottles, most beverages were in glass bottles, and vending machines that unlocked the door and took out bottled beverages from the inside were the mainstream when coins were inserted and a product was selected.Bottled beverages are sealed with a so-called "crown" lid, which needs to be opened with a bottle opener, so the bottle opener was fixed to the vending machine.Even now, private liquor storesMom-and-pop candy storeIt may be placed at the storefront of the store, but it is rare to see it because the stores are closing in recent years.At major retailersDon QuixoteIt may be installed in such places.
    • Battery vending machine ――Currently a photo shop, convenience store,Consumer electronics store-Home center-100 Yen shopIt is sold in various places such as, and among them, it can be purchased at a low price at 100-yen shops, so it is not meaningful to purchase at a fixed price, so it has rapidly declined and is almost extinct, but some are still in operation. doing.
    • Adult magazine vending machine ――It used to be installed in the city, but it has been banned from being installed around the school and in the area of ​​the school road due to concerns about the impact on students and children, and it has been declining since then. Follow.Currently, it is almost extinct, and only a small amount remains along the roads and vacant lots in rural towns where there are no private houses or schools around.

    Sales restrictions and installation restrictions

    Some products have restrictions on vending machines. in Japan,tobacco,beerな どAlcoholic beverageFor vending machines of this type, there are restrictions on the sales time and the place of installation. In addition, the paper cup type beverage vending machine,Water supplyIt is directly connected to theHealth centerBusiness license (business of coffee shop) is required. The same applies to water vending machines installed in supermarkets in recent years. For milk and other dairy products, the business license from the public health center (dairy sales business) is still required.

    Composition and structure

    Constitution

    In the "Dainippon Encyclopedia", the composition of the vending machine isMoney device,Pointing device(Control device),Storage/processing equipment,Vending equipmentIs described as consisting of[3]..Most vending machines are in the form of purchasing products in cash,SuicaTransportation system such asPrepaid CardSince it became possible to shop at, various typesElectronic moneyThe number of vending machines that can be purchased at is increasing rapidly.Since there have been cases of destroying vending machines and robbing internal cash (and products), there are also vending machines with specifications that cannot be purchased with cash as a countermeasure against damage.again,Credit card(anddebit card) Can also be used in vending machines.

    • Money device: A device that determines the authenticity of the inserted currency, sorts the denomination, counts the amount, and issues change as needed. Also known as the "heart of vending machines."It is explained that coins are checked for their diameter, thickness, weight, material, etc., and banknotes are comprehensively discriminated by combining external elements such as vertical and horizontal dimensions with portraits, patterns, watermarks, and colors of printing ink.In the case of a card, the card is collated and the amount is confirmed.[3].
    • Pointing device: When you select a product with the push button, the sales instruction is issued.[3].
    • Storage/processing equipment: Store products and process such as cooking as needed[3].
    • Vending equipment: Receives the sales instruction issued from the instruction device and sends the selected product to the "outlet".[3].

    "20 Year History of Vending Machines" explains that the basic functions of vending machines (and the units that carry them) are mainly composed of the following:[30].

    • "Selector(Also called “acceptor” and “accepted coin”) and “Rejector"(Also called "counterfeiting"): Check the authenticity of the coins inserted and determine the type of currency.[30].
    • "changer: Sending the coefficient of input coins, sending of sales signals, discharging change, etc.[30].

    Structure for delivering products to customers

    There are many types depending on the item, and this is not the only vending machine.

    A structure in which the product falls

    Can and PET bottle beverage vending machines

    There is a stock of products on the back side of the main body and product shelves.If you insert a coin and press the button, the electromagnetic coil inside will be energized and the product will be released.There are also vending machines that have a belt attached to the bottom to make it easier to take out products that have been dropped once.However, this belt type is a method that opposes the gravity of carrying an object that has fallen down once again, so there are no end to failures from the beginning of development.

    Previously, it was necessary to adjust the machine side according to the product to be sold, but recently there is also a non-adjustment mechanism that automatically performs the adjustment. With this method, even if a product is mistakenly introduced, the product is delivered without being jammed, which helps to reduce breakdowns.

    In addition, small PET bottle containers have appeared, and the material of the PET bottle itself has the negative effect of being easily clogged when it is put in.However, from the perspective of being able to cover and carry it, its demand is still growing rapidly.

    Normally, in a vending machine located outdoors, the take-out port is pulled forward. This is a hygiene consideration to prevent ingress of rainwater.

    Bottled beverage vending machine

    There are vending machines similar to canned drinks. The mechanism is almost the same as the vending machine for canned drinks, but it has the drawback that it is easily clogged like a PET bottle. Unlike cans, the bottle does not slide sideways, but rather toward the buyer.

    General-purpose vending machine

    In the case of bread and confectionery vending machines, the front is a show window, and when you press the switch, the spiral rack on which the selected product is placed rotates and the product is dropped into the front outlet. There is.In other cases, the bucket goes to pick up and scrapes the goods on the conveyor into the bucket.These are highly versatile and are used in addition to breads and confectionery.A peculiar example is hospitalization.

    Structure that pulls out products

    Bottled beverage vending machine

    Although rarely seen in recent years, some have a structure in which coins are inserted and the buyer pulls out the stocked bottle.By inserting money, the product that has reached the amount of money is unlocked and can be withdrawn.Prior to the widespread use of canned beverages, this type of beverage vending machine was the mainstream.The bottle opener is fixed to the front of the vending machine,crownIt is a mechanism that the crown comes off by hooking and lowering the bottle by the principle of leverage.In addition, the detached crown is automatically dropped into the crown holder.

    Currently someDon QuijoteBesides, privately runLiquor store,Mom-and-pop candy storeTo some extent, it is rarely seen at stores such as.

    In addition, a vending machine with a structure similar to that of the former bottled beverage vending machinehotelYou can see it in the refrigerator. In this case, the post-payment method is adopted. Basically, the stocker of stocked beverages has a switch, and by pulling it out, the switch works. The refrigerator has a communication function, which is detected by the computer of the accommodation facility and settled at checkout. In addition to bottled beverages, we sell a wide variety of beverages such as canned beverages according to the shape of the stocker.

    A structure that opens the door and pulls out the product

    It is used when selecting products that cannot be given a shock such as dropping, or when selecting various products, or when handling large products.

    Items on a disk

    In the structure, products are lined up on shelves on several discs, and the products are separated by a partition plate. About 1 to 6 products are lined up on one disk, and the products circulate by pressing the rotation button.When the desired product comes to the front, the rotation button is released, the door is opened, and the desired product is taken out.It is used to sell side dishes and snacks, and potted flowers at popular cafeterias, drive-ins, student cafeterias, and employee cafeterias.

    Coin locker type

    For unmanned sales stands for agricultural products, the front door is made of transparent resin.Coin lockerA cabinet like this is installed, and products (vegetables, fruits, chicken eggs, etc.) are put inside and "locked by paying the usage fee". I'm taking the method.However, it is not possible to check the freshness by picking up the product before payment.

    Multifunctional

    Point addition function

    When you purchase the productPoint CardAndSmartphone appThere are vending machines that have the function of adding points such as ,.CurrentlyCashlessThere are also vending machines dedicated to smartphone apps that cannot be purchased with cash.

    etc.

    Disaster / emergency response

    In the event of a disasterCookingAs a kind of the above, the introduction of a free bend function that can provide drinks in vending machines free of charge has started. This is in the areadisasterA person who returns home on foot when the situation is based on an agreement between the local government and the installer (→People who have difficulty returning home) AndWater outageBy etc.Drinking waterIt meets the urgent needs of the local residents who have been cut off, and the internal beverage can be provided free of charge by switching the internal switch manually, remotely or automatically.[42].. InsideElectronic bulletin boardThere is also a type that has been installed, it is possible to change the message via the Internet line, so that information can be provided in the event of a disaster[42].. Regarding the method of offering products, unlike normal sales, the product is only released by pressing a button without throwing money, basically,power failureIn this case, since the vending machine itself does not operate, it is difficult to provide the beverage.

    However, the products in the vending machine stopped due to such a power outage may be provided to the victims by the favor of the maintenance company and the store side.Nankai Electric RailwayIs 20079/1Among the vending machines managed by the company,Namba CITYIn addition to installing 13 units with a free bend function, the company has announced its intention to provide a total of about 1 beverages, which are in stock at each shop as a product, in the event of a disaster.[43]..Also, as a free bend compatible model for installation in facilities other than facilities with private power generation equipment,batteryThere are also vending machines that have an internal power supply, and when the external power supply is cut off, the cooling and heat retention of beverages that consume a lot of electricity and the display lighting are stopped, and only the beverage serving function is operated.[44].

    Since January 2005, a sticker with the address of the installation location has been affixed to beverage vending machines.This does not necessarily know where the caller is in an emergency, so the purpose is to convey the current location.National Firefighting CommissionStarted by asking the vending machine industry to "display the address of the vending machine"[45][46].

    Automatic external defibrillator

    Automatic external defibrillatorThe number of vending machines equipped with (AED) is increasing.

    Wireless LAN access point

    Public wireless LAN access pointThe number of vending machines equipped with is increasing.Aichi Expo[47]Has been tested in and is named Free Mobile.Asahi BeverageWe are recommending the installation of a wireless router in the vending machine.

    surveillance camera

    TokyoAdachiThen,surveillance cameraBeverage vending machine is built in to shoot the streets.Kirin Beverage Metropolitan Police DepartmentNishiarai Police StationOperates in cooperation with[48].

    Problems and countermeasures

    Standby power

    Beverage vending machines consume a large amount of power and require as much power as a single household.Energy ConservationSince there is a problem from the perspective of, energy efficiency improvements are being continued.

    On top of the casesolar panelSet up during the daySolar powerThere is also a vending machine that supplies electricity for night lighting.

    Landscape problem

    Light pollutionProblems andLandscapeThe negative impact on In the vending machine for a specific product, the design tends to be elaborate in terms of color and form because it also serves as an advertisement of the product, but this design may spoil the landscape. For this reason, there are vending machines that take the landscape into consideration, and in some cases they are designed to be inconspicuous when installed.

    Passage obstacle

    The vending machine may be installed outside the private land on a road that is a public land, which may obstruct traffic. In response to this, installers have responded to this and device manufacturers have also developed and introduced thin vending machines.

    Garbage problem

    Beverage vending machines have a problem that empty cans are scattered around.It is very important to improve the morale of users as well as install and manage the collection of empty cans.

    Tobacco/liquor sales

    Sales by vending machines for tobacco are regulated in almost all countries except Japan and Germany.In addition, there are few examples in the world where sake is sold at vending machines, and it can only be seen in Japan.[49].

    In Japan, cigarettes,beerな どAlcoholic beverageThere are restrictions on the sales time and installation location of various types of vending machines. Tobacco and alcoholic beverage vending machinesNational Tax AgencyAuthorization and license are required,Adult identification vending machineFor vending machines other thanvoluntary restraintsIt has been on sale from 23:5 to XNUMX:XNUMX the next morning, and at the level of municipalities and prefectures.MunicipalitiesThe regulations often place restrictions on the installation location and sales time.

    アルコール飲料の自動販売機の場合、成人識別自動販売機以外の自販機については、深夜から翌朝の間の販売停止については罰則がある。タバコの自動販売機は2008年7月以降、全部成人識別自動販売機となったことで、1996年4月1日より行っていた屋外設置のたばこ自動販売機の深夜（午後11時から午前5時まで）稼働自主規制について、2008年8月1日から解除された[50]..When the sale was stopped, all the push buttons were lit with "".

    For more information on restrictions on cigarette vending machines, seetaspoSee

    Proposal was made to prohibit the installation of cigarette vending machines[51].. To address these issues, JapanWHOCigarette vending machines have been criticized by name since 2008CorporationJapan Tobacco Association(TIOJ) and otherstaspobyAdult identification vending machineThe introduction of. However, there is also the possibility of borrowing or lending the card or using it without permission. The effect of the card has been questioned because the number of guidances decreased and increased in Tanegashima, which was introduced experimentally.

    For cigarette vending machines,Local tax lawAbove is from the installerJapanese tobacco industryAnd its affiliates receive orders and the location of the installer (whether a store or vending machine)MunicipalitiesAgainstMunicipal tobacco taxIs to be paid. about this,OsakaIzumisanoSome local governments,CompanyAttractionOrdinanceBased on the above, a vending machine installer operated a large amount of cigarettes sold in another municipality as if ordered from a cigarette vending machine installed in the administrative area, and obtained a large amount of tax revenue. Is known.It has also been found that the municipality in question is paying incentives to vendors in return.Under the Local Tax Law, there are no penalties for this kind of document manipulation,Ministry of Internal Affairs and CommunicationsSays, "It deviates from the purpose of the local tax law," and wants to conduct a fact-finding survey.[52][53].

    Theft problem

    When vending machines became popular, we targeted themtheftAlso appeared. Psychological barriers to theft of vending machines are low because the victim cannot see the victim's face. Theft is divided into intelligent theft that causes the machine to misidentify and violent theft that destroys the machine.

    the 1990sIn the first half, the high frequency of the self-defense stun gun was abused, and the coin sorting device inside the vending machine malfunctioned to steal coins.Currently, countermeasures are being taken and it is impossible.In addition, various attack methods such as inserting detergent from the coin slot to damage the internal circuit have been attempted.

    In addition, South Korea500ウ ォ ンFalsified coins500 Yen coinAbuse as事件One after another, 500 yen coinsForced to recast.. A 500 won coin, which was about one-tenth the value of a 10 yen coin at the time (issue date:19826/11) Is a 500 yen coin (issue date: 19824/1), The weight was only about 0.5g, and the mixing ratio and outer diameter of the material metal were the same.Therefore, if the weight was adjusted by making a hole or scraping off the surface so that it would not penetrate, the vending machine mistakenly recognized it as 500 yen.In the case of banknotes, if you can insert banknotes to reduce crimeBill validatorIs installed.

    For mechanical destruction, physical measures such as installing a sturdy key and door may be taken. This is only a time consuming task until it is completely destroyed, and in the meantime, the expectation is that the crime will be detected or the crime will be abandoned. In addition, at presentMobile phone-PHS-無線 LANThere is also one that has the function of managing inventory information and making an emergency call for the destruction of machines using. To prevent such criminal activity, vending machines are usually installed in places where people can see. Exceptionally, outdoor installations are widespread in Japan, which is one of the characteristics of Japan's landscape.

    the 2000sEnter cash (bill-coin) AndCredit card,Cash cardSuch asForgerySince the number of bills has increased, the ability of the discriminator (banknote sensor, coin sensor) has been strengthened.

    From around the 2000s, some electronic prepaid cards, and vending machines (also from around the 2010s) that only accept cashless payments on mobile phones have been installed. These also have the side effect of making it harder for thieves to get targeted by not putting money inside the vending machine. However, the cashless payment method itself is still in a hurry to spread, and at the present time, it has a demerit to drop customers who have only small change.

    On the other hand,2010From around the end of the generation, theft of new tricks to steal change by giving a shock to the machine and causing the equipment to malfunction has become one after another.[54].

    Supporting various payments and cashless

    (Although it also serves as a countermeasure against theft for cash) Since the 2010s, as a payment method other than cash and credit cardsMobile phone,FeliCaPayment method usingCmodeAndEdy-SuicaElectronic money, such asiD,PiTaPaSuch asPost payThere is also a vending machine that pays at. Especiallyliqueur,tobaccoVending machines with age verificationElectronic moneyThe exclusive use also has the effect of preventing sales to children under the age of 20.

    In China in the latter half of the 2010s, vending machines (not only manned sales)CashlessThe number of vending machines that do not accept cash has increased.

    • Mobile phone authentication port

      Mobile phone authentication port

    • Suica compatible vending machine

      Suica compatible vending machine

    • Vending machine that supports e-commerce payment

      Electronic moneyVending machines that accept payment

    • Payment can be made by selecting the electronic money you want to use

      Payment can be made by selecting the electronic money you want to use

    • Smartphone vending machine connected by bluetooth

      bluetoothSmartphone vending machine to connect with

    Other

    In addition to the above crimes, there have also been murder cases in the past in which bottled beverages in which the contents of sold products were replaced with poisonous substances were taken out and left in the mouth.

    "Paraquat consecutive poisoning caseSee

    Main manufacturer

    • Fuji Electric ――Originally, the subsidiary Fuji Electric Retail Systems (formerly Fuji Electric Cold Machinery) was in charge, but it was absorbed and merged and became directly managed.Sanyo ElectricThe vending machine division (formerly Sanyo Electric Vending Machinery) was also acquired and made a subsidiary (Fukiage Fuji Vending Machinery), and then integrated into the former Retail Systems.In addition, the business withdrew at the end of 2017KubotaAfter-sales service and succession of overseas manufacturing subsidiary[55].. No. 1 in the industry.
    • Sanden -Acquired the cup machine business of former Toshiba equipment. Independent.
    • Panasonic Industrial Equipment Systems - Panasonicsubsidiary.The organization is under the umbrella of Panasonic Appliances Company. Withdrew from manufacturing in December 2020.
    • -Former vending machine department of Shibaura Works,Shibaura MechatronicsSubsidiary of. Also of Toshiba seriesToshiba equipmentIs disbanded.
    • Glory -Old Glory Industry. Merged with sales subsidiary Glory Trading Co., Ltd. and renamed it.
    • NEC Magnus Communications - Former Toyo Communication EquipmentOf the vending machine departmentNets S eye ToyoAbsorbed and merged.NEC Group(NEC Nets SIIsubsidiary).
    • Fujitaka --Commonly known as Fujitaka Corporation, formerly Fujitaka.2010In March, the company name of the Kansai area service company "Kansai Fujitaka Service Co., Ltd." was changed to "Fujitaka Co., Ltd.", and in April of the same year, all the former Fujitaka businesses and service subsidiaries nationwide were consolidated into "Fujitaka".[56]..Restart as a new corporation.

    footnote

    [How to use footnotes]

    注 釈

    1. ^ No. 1 in Japan for beverage vending machinesFuji ElectricThere is a Mie factory, which is the manufacturing base of (vending machines and other various electric appliances for foods).
    2. ^ recent years[When?] TheDriver's licenseIt is equipped with a function that requires proof that you are over 20 years old, such as by holding down.

    Source

    1. ^ Kurosaki (2012), p. 1.
    2. ^ Design classification definition card (J5) Patent Office
    3. ^ a b c d e f g h Shogakukan "Venue of Vending Machine", "Encyclopedia of Japan". Written by Sado Victory.
    4. ^ Manual vending machine DF-8 (PDF) Daito Corporation
    5. ^ a b c d e 20 Year History of Vending Machines (1983), p. 20.
    6. ^ a b c d Yoshihiro Higuchi. “Technology systematization survey report "Beverage vending machine technology development systematization survey"”. Industrial Technology History Information Center. 2021/1/28Browse.
    7. ^ a b c 20 Year History of Vending Machines (1983), p. 19.
    8. ^ 20 Year History of Vending Machines (1983), p. 26.
    9. ^ a b Manufacturing that will be passed on to the next generation Part 2 – Creativity that created “automatic” Yamazaki Mazak, viewed May 2017, 5
    10. ^ 20 Year History of Vending Machines (1983), p. 21.
    11. ^ 20 Year History of Vending Machines (1983), p. 22.
    12. ^ 20 Year History of Vending Machines (1983), p. 23.
    13. ^ "America, this is the story of robot vending machines. The dullness of coin change civilization." "Asahi Shimbun" October 26, 10, 21rd page
    14. ^ 20 Year History of Vending Machines (1983), p. 5.
    15. ^ 2 National Life White Paper A rich society friendly to people Part II Technology and Life
    16. ^ a b c I can't sell even 100 yen anymore... Is there a way out for the vending machine depression? 1 / 2 Business Media Makoto 2009/11/19
    17. ^ Kanagi (2014), p. 150.
    18. ^ Cheap cash vending machine "Cash Refusal" JR Higashi is slumping　Nihon Keizai Shimbun January 2015, 8
    19. ^ "Japanese standard product classification”. Ministry of Internal Affairs and CommunicationsStatistics Bureau. 2022/5/23Browse.
    20. ^ Some vending machines that come out in the completed state have optional functions that allow you to add eggs, green onions, tempura, meat, naruto, char siu, corn, etc. at an extra charge.
    21. ^ ""Fish vending machine" Freezing seasonal seafood Amakusa City processing company | Kumamoto Nichinichi Shimbun”(Japanese). Kumamoto Nichi-Nichi Shimbun (September 2022, 5). 2022/5/17Browse.
    22. ^ ""Motsu's Vending Machine" Appears in Fukuoka I heard the aim of "Choi Motsu!", Where you can easily buy rumen and intestines.”(Japanese). Netorabo. 2022/5/17Browse.
    23. ^ Privatization of postal servicesIt is unknown whether is the reason for the abolition.
    24. ^ Available on iPod and vending machines -ITmedia News, October 2005, 10
    25. ^ Narinari dot com. "The world is paying attention to the “Shanghai Crab Vending Machine”, and the Japanese news video introduced is also a hot topic.". 2010/10/26Browse.
    26. ^ FNN News: Japan's First Cut Apple Vending Machine Appears at Kasumigaseki Station in Tokyo
    27. ^ An authentic stamp with a vending machine Every day jp Retrieved September 2013, 9.
    28. ^ Some liquor vending machines are equipped with a function that allows adults to be identified by Taspo.
    29. ^ Some models have a function to record in detail when, where, who bought what and how many sakes.
    30. ^ a b c 20 Year History of Vending Machines (1983), p. 127.
    31. ^ About the transition of "CLUB DYDO" points to "DyDo Smile STAND"(2017.1.31 Dy Drinco)
    32. ^ CLUB DYDO ｜ DyDo DRINCO
    33. ^ Deploying "T point vending machines" that collect "T points"(2011.11.28 Kirin Beverage）
    34. ^ You can also earn Suica points at Matinaka's Suica beverage vending machines!(2012.9.24 JR East Water Business PR TIMES)
    35. ^ [https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000001.000011877.html You can get a gift with the points you have accumulated! "World's First" Smartphone App and Beverage Vending Machine Collaboration "TenTen Point" Campaign Starts Only in Osaka from Saturday, November 11th] (15 [1]/PR TIMES)
    36. ^ With a vending machine that connects you, "I look forward to tomorrow every day." DyDo introduces a new service, "Smile STAND"!(2016.3.30 Dy Drinco)
    37. ^ [Announcement of new digital marketing platform "Coke ON"] (2016.4.7 Japan Coca-Cola)
    38. ^ First in the industry!Developed "Suntory GREEN +", a point service that links vending machines and smartphones to support corporate "health management"(2016.7.26 Suntory Beverage International)
    39. ^ Beverage vending machine in Meitetsu Nagoya Station ★ Start of granting Mustar points ★(2016.9.1 Meitetsu industry)
    40. ^ A new vending machine service "Tappiness" utilizing "LINE" will be launched in the spring of 17!(2017.1.19,LINE Corporation）
    41. ^ WAON point service started at beverage vending machines "XNUMX point present for each bottle" (2017.9.1 AEON Delight)
    42. ^ a b When switching to a "disaster response" vending machine Excite News 2008/10/21
    43. ^ Nankai Electric Railway/Disaster Prevention Day Press Release (PDF)
    44. ^ Fuji Electric Retail Systems Press Release (PDF)
    45. ^ Japan Vending System Manufacturers Association "Safety Measures"
    46. ^ Address display sticker on the vending machine.How did you go about it?When has it been posted again?
    47. ^ What happens when a vending machine becomes a wireless LAN spot? ITmedia Lifestyle 2004/05/31
    48. ^ [Scope] Looking at a vending machine / For crime suppression in Adachi Ward Built-in camera Clear facial expression even at midnight"Nihon Keizai Shimbun" evening edition December 2018, 8 (social aspect) September 27, 2018 reading.
    49. ^ Maloney, Maggie (October 2019, 10). “Moet & Chandon vending machines are now available in NY!”(Japanese). Harper's BAZAAR. 2021/1/24Browse.
    50. ^ About "Release of Tobacco Vending Machines Installed Outdoors at Night", National Federation of Tobacco Sales Cooperatives
    51. ^ Achieving a tobacco-free society (PDF) Science Council of Japan March 2008, 3
    52. ^ Izumisano City, Osaka One cigarette vending machine with tax revenue of 1 billion yen. Sankei Shimbun March 2009, 11
    53. ^ Cigarette tax revenue, 1 billion yen for one vending machine Asahi Shimbun November 2009, 11
    54. ^ [Original] Vending machine trolls, new tricks... XNUMX cities, malfunctions due to shock Steal change Yomiuri Shimbun May 2019, 12
    55. ^ Notice Regarding Withdrawal from Vending Machine Business(Kubota Co., Ltd. September 2017, 9, browsed September 12, 2017)
    56. ^ From the press release on the company website in April 2010

    References

    Related item

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