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🌏 ｜ Northern Ireland's food supply problem, caused by Brexit = Irish Foreign Minister

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Northern Ireland's food supply problem caused by Brexit = Irish Foreign Minister

　
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Regarding the Protocol on Northern Ireland that accompanies the EU-UK withdrawal agreement, he pointed out that certain inspections were required for goods entering Northern Ireland from the mainland UK. I'm awake. "　

[London, XNUMXst Reuters] -Ireland Foreign Minister Coveny says food is happening in Northern Ireland ...　→ Continue reading

　Reuters

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Northern Ireland

Ambiguity avoidanceThis section describes the British territory of Ireland. For the northern part of Ireland, see "Ulster."
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland(English）
Tuaisceart Éireann(Irish）
Norlin Airlann(Ulster Scots）
Regional slogan:God and my right
(French : God and my rights）
Local song:Londonderry Air (virtually)
Northern Ireland location
Official terminologyEnglish,Irish,
Ulster Scots
CapitalBelfast
Largest cityBelfast
政府
United Kingdom KingElizabeth II
prime minister(English edition）
area
Grand total13,843km2(N/A）
Water area rateUnknown
population
Grand total(2020年）1,908,250Man(N/A）
The population density138 people/km2
GDP (PPP）
total(2002年）$332 billion (N/A）
Per person19,603 dollar
InaugurationIrish Government Law (1920年)
currencyUK Pound (£) (GBP）
Time zoneUTC GMT (UTC + 0) (STD: UTC + 1)
ISO-3166 1GB (GB-NIR)
ccTLD.ie, . Uk
International phone number353 48, 44 28
national flower : Shamrock
Patron saint : St. Patrick

Northern Ireland(Ireland, cameEnglish: Northern Ireland,Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann[1]Irish Pronunciation: [ˈT̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ],Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) IsUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(UK)Ireland islandLocated in the northeastComponentone of.For Northern IrelandBritish country,Province,RegionVarious expressions such as[2][3][4].

Ireland islandLocated in the northeastUlsterIt is also called Ulster 9 prefectures because it consists of 6 prefectures out of 6 local prefectures. 2015年6 prefectures were abolished and 11 new administrative districts were established. On the island of IrelandRepublic of Irelandと国境Is in contact with. The area is 1km2, The capital is located on the east coastBelfast.

History

Established in 1920Irish Government LawByアイルランドWas divided into north and south, and autonomy was granted to each. Occurred after thatIrish War of IndependenceIs a peace treatyBritish love treatyBy the southern 26 prefectures based onFree country of irelandWas foundedUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandNorthern Ireland was also included within the jurisdiction of the Free State when it was more separated.HoweverFree country of irelandで内 戦Has begun, and under the provisions of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the Northern Ireland Assembly has announced its withdrawal from the Free State and will remain in the United Kingdom.

Ireland in the 19th centuryUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandIn Ireland (insisting on maintaining a coalition with Britain) since it was annexed toNationalistThe conflict (claiming independence from Britain) continued. Since the days when the whole of Ireland was dominated by Britain, the Northern Ireland region has beenGreat BritainThe colonists were dominated by the colonists, and the unionists were strong. Also, many were not necessarily Irish or nationalists, and many thought that it would be advantageous to belong to the United Kingdom from an economic point of view.[5].. With this in mind, Northern Ireland remained under British rule.

In the late 1960s,アメリカ合衆国 OfCivil rights movementWas affected by and was socially discriminated againstCatholicThe social movement that demands "one man, one vote" has become active,ProtestantThe Northern Irish government, which was the main body, suppressed this, the situation became tense, and serious divisions and conflicts arose. After that, until the early 1990sIRA ProvisionalBoth nationalists and unionists, includingPrivate soldierOrganizations and government authorities (British Army,) Continues to contend withBloody Sunday IncidentThousands of people were killed due to numerous armed crackdowns and terrorism.Northern Ireland conflictThe turmoil in society and the economy became extremely fierce.Northern Ireland ParliamentCouldn't handle this situation1972年3/30"1972 Northern Ireland Provisional Act (en: Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972) ”, The parliament was suspended, and the next1973年7/18"The 1973 Northern Ireland Constitution (en: Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973) ”Was officially abolished, the next1974年7/17"1974 Northern Ireland Act (XNUMX)en: Northern Ireland Act 1974) ”By the home country of EnglandPrivy CouncilHas come to be directly governed by.

In the 1990s, the path to peace began to be sought, and in 1998 by Unionist and nationalist parties, private armies and the British and Irish governments.Belfast AgreementWas formed, the Irish government abandoned Northern Ireland's sovereignty as a result of a referendum, and based on this, the Northern Ireland Assembly, in which all political parties participated, was revived. Due to this achievement, he is the leader of a moderate party.David TrimbleとJohn HumeToNobel Peace PrizeHas been awarded. Following the end of terrorism by extremistsCitigroup,FujitsuNew direct investment by foreign companies is occurring one after another, and economic growth is achieved.

2016 yearsNational referendum asking whether Britain should leave the European UnionIn response to the majority of secessionists in favor, the border issue with the South resurfaced.The British Parliament did not agree on the treatment of borders, and the country's withdrawal from the EU was postponed until 2020, avoiding a strict revival of borders.Northern Ireland remains in the EU Single Market after December 2020, 12, when the withdrawal transition period ends, and is treated differently from other UK regions.[6][7].

Politics

Before the Troubles in the 1960s, on the mainlandPolitical partyIn relation toUlster Unionist Party Conservative partyInstead ofLiberal partyInstead of, eachStormont Parliament(The Parliament of Northern Ireland・ It controlled the old parliament). About the mainlandLabor PartyDid not have a strong cooperative relationship with. In addition, if you want to unify IrelandShin FeinWas active.

From the latter half of the 1960s to the 1990s, the so-called "unionist and nationalist private army organizations that started with religious discrimination repeated turmoil and terrorism.Northern Ireland problem”1972年The Stormont Parliament was abolished and direct rule by the British government began. Political parties were also strongly influenced by this social turmoil. The Ulster Unionist Party broke off its ties with the Conservative Party by criticizing it. The Ulster Liberal Democratic Party has changed into the Liberal Democratic Party, but has lost support and is now settling in a sister party to the Union Party. The Social Democratic Labor Party was formed by some members of the dismissed Northern Ireland Labor Party.

In recent years, there have been moves by major British political parties to participate in Northern Ireland elections. The Conservative Party has been sending out candidates since the late 1980s, but with little support.LDPIs supporting the Union Party.

From Good Friday Agreement to the present

Currently1998年 OfBelfast AgreementWas decided to be established by, but stopped functioning from 2002. Installed at the same timeNorthern Ireland Parliament(The Northern Ireland Assembly), but for the time being, it was forced to stop functioning due to conflicts among the parties.2003年In Northern Ireland's general election, hard-line Shin Fein and the Democratic-Unification Party gained more votes than moderates.2007年3/26In the same year, a self-governing function was established between Shin Fein and the DPJ.5/8Although the agreement was formed by resuming it more, the conflict over energy policy intensified and it stopped functioning again in January 2017. On January 1, 2020, Shin Fein and the Democratic Unification Party agreed to rebuild the autonomous government, and the parliament resumed on the following day, 1th.[8].

Major political parties in the Northern Ireland Parliament and their seats (2007年(As of March)Northern Ireland Parliament #Current ParliamentSee.

British House of RepresentativesIn the general election, 646 out of 18 seats were allocated to Northern Ireland according to the population ratio.2017 British General ElectionThe current number of seats determined by the Democratic Unification Party is 10 seats, Shin Fein has 7 seats, independent is 1 seat, and the Social Democratic Labor Party and Ulster Unification Party have lost seats. Shin Fein's legislators have not taken part in parliament due to the belief that they refused to take an oath to the Queen and regard Unified Ireland as an orthodox government. As a result of the 2017 general election, no party has a majority (Hang parliament)for,Conservative PartyThe administration isExternal cooperationWe started talks. Shin Fein has also been criticized for fighting against the Democratic Unification Party, and the attention to both parties is growing rapidly.

Detail is"Northern Ireland ParliamentSee

Administrative division

NI11w.jpg
"Northern Ireland administrative divisionsSee also

It consists of the following 11 administrative districts.

  1. Belfast
  2. A's And North Down
  3. Antrim and Newtown Abbey
  4. Lisburn and Castleley
  5. Newry Morn and Down
  6. Armor City Bunbridge and Craigavon
  7. Mid and East Antrim
  8. Causeway Coast and Glance
  9. Mid Ulster
  10. Delhi City and Stravan
  11. Farmana and Ommer

Other than BelfastLondonderry,armor,LisburnIs listed as a major city. Registered as a World Heritage SiteGiants CausewayAnd there are many tourist destinations including Causeway Coast.

Economy

Northern Ireland has the smallest economy of the four regions of England. The main industries were shipbuilding, rope and fiber manufacturing, but the ratio of service industry is gradually increasing. Although it has experienced stagnation for many years due to the Northern Ireland conflict, it has been regaining calm since the Heisei Era, with the unemployment rate improving due to the booming economy of both Britain and Ireland.

GDP per capita was €2005 in 19,603, more than in the North West England and Wales[9].. The unemployment rate, which had reached 1986% in 17.2, decreased to 2001% in 4.5[10].. The characteristics of the workers are that they work longer hours than in other parts of the UK, and there is little gender difference in income.[11].

People

Religious

Detail is"en: Demographics of Northern Ireland","en: People of Northern Ireland",and"en: Religion in Northern IrelandSee
Northern Ireland religion
ReligionRatio*
Protestant**
  
42%
Roman Catholic Church
  
41%
No religionOr no answer
  
17%
Non-Christian
  
1%
* May not add to 100% due to rounding
** Church of Ireland, Presbyterian Church in Ireland and others

A 2001 survey found that 45.5% of Northern Ireland's inhabitants were Protestant. In thisPresbyterian,Anglican Church of Ireland,MethodistEtc. are included. By contrast, Catholics accounted for 40.3%. Other 13.9% do not have a specific sect or religion[12].

Sense of belonging

According to other surveys, 38% of residents specify themselves as a unionist, as well as 24% say they are nationalists and 35% say they don't fit either.[13].. Fifty-nine percent said they would endorse the long-term view of British rule over Northern Ireland, with 59 percent supporting the formation of a unified Ireland.[14].. There are layers whose attitude is unclearNorthern Ireland Alliance PartyIs also supported by the fact that it receives a certain level of support. In recent elections, 54% voted for Protestant parties, 42% voted for Catholic parties, and the remaining 4% voted for other parties.

Republic of Ireland Nationality

All residents born before 2005CitizenshipWas automatically given. This is due to the provisions of the Republic of Ireland Nationality Act enacted in 2001 following the Belfast Agreement. The Belfast Agreement states that both Britain and Ireland grant all residents of Northern Ireland the right to be Irish or British. Even now, this applies to the majority of the population.

Education

Detail is"British Education # Northern Ireland EducationSee

言语

Due to its historical background, Northern Ireland has a culture of both British and Irish origin. The language isEnglishOthersIrishとUlster Scots (en) Is recognized as an official language. In the Republic of Ireland, many people have acquired Irish knowledge through the Irish revival movement, but in Northern Ireland, the revival movement is scarce. 2011%, and only 11% at the level of reading and writing. Ulster-Scottish is only 3.7% less literate and literate. Currently reflecting the increase in Chinese immigrantsChineseIs the second native language group.

culture

As one of the symbols of this areaFlaxThere are flowers.

There is nothing special about the meal,[15]That breakfast is famous.bacon,Fried egg,Soda breadorPotato breadConsists of.

Sports

As a thriving sportサ ッ カ ー,Rugby unionAmong Catholics,Gaelic Games(Gaelic footballとHarling) Is also very popular.Soccer Northern Ireland National TeamSo farFIFA World Cup3 times,UEFA European ChampionshipA well-known player who played once in the 1s and 60sGeorge BestIs from Northern Ireland. It is an international tournament for soccer boysMilk cupIs also being held.Rugby Ireland National TeamIs a joint team with Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and is one of the world's most powerful teams.

GolfThen,Laurie McIlroyIn 2011US OpenStarting withMajor championshipIn addition to controlling four times,Graham McDowellIs the 2010 US Open,Darren ClarkIn 2011British OpenHave won each.snookerThen, he has produced two world champions, (1972, 1982) and (1985).Motor sportsThen,John Watson(The highest overall ranking is1982年No. 3) andEddie Irvine(Also1999年2nd place)F1I am giving birth to a driver.

footnote

[How to use footnotes]
  1. ^ An Roinn Dlí agus Cirt agus Comhionannais: Tuaisceart Éireann. Justice.ie. Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  2. ^ S. Dunn; H. Dawson (2000), An Alphabetical Listing of Word, Name and Place in Northern Ireland and the Living Language of Conflict, Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, "One specific problem --in both general and particular senses --is to know what to call Northern Ireland itself: in the general sense, it is not a country, or a province, or a state -alth some refer to it contemptuously as a statelet: the least controversial word appears to be jurisdiction, but this might change. " 
  3. ^ J. Whyte; G. FitzGerald (1991), Interpreting Northern Ireland, Oxford: Oxford University Press, "One problem must be adverted to in writing about Northern Ireland. This is the question of what name to give to the various geographical entities. These names can be controversial, with the choice often revealing one's political preferences. ... some refer to Northern Ireland as a'province'. That usage can arouse irritation particularly among nationalists, who claim the title'province' should be properly reserved to the four historic provinces of Ireland-Ulster, Leinster, Munster, and Connacht If I want to a label to apply to Northern Ireland I shall call it a'region'. Unionists should find that title as acceptable as'province': Northern Ireland appears as a region in the regional statistics of the United Kingdom published by the British government. " 
  4. ^ D. Murphy (1979), A Place Apart, London: Penguin Books, "Next --what noun is appropriate to Northern Ireland?'Province' won't do since one-third of the province is on the wrong side of the border.'State' implies more self-determination than Northern Ireland has ever had and'country' or'nation' are blatantly absurd.'Colony' has overtones that would be resented by both communities and'statelet' sounds too patronizing, though outsiders might consider it more precise than anything else; so one is left with the unsatisfactory word'region'. " 
  5. ^ “Why is Northern Ireland part of the United Kingdom?”. The Economist,(November 2013, 11). ISSN 0013-0613. https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/11/07/why-is-northern-ireland-part-of-the-united-kingdom 2019/11/1Browse. 
  6. ^ "Circumstances that made the fishery rights problem bigger”. Modern business. 2021/1/2Browse.
  7. ^ "Brexit completes new era for Britain”. BBC. 2021/1/2Browse.
  8. ^ "The self-government government, which had collapsed in British Northern Ireland for three years, has been revived.. Sankei Shimbun(July 2020, 1). https://www.sankei.com/world/news/200112/wor2001120027-n1.html 2020/1/12Browse. 
  9. ^ Regional GDP per capita in the EU25. 25 January 2005. Eurostat. URL accessed 10 May 2006.
  10. ^ "Northern Ireland's economic fears"22 June 2001. Orla Ryan, BBC. URL accessed 10 May 2006.
  11. ^ Economic Overview2006. Northern Ireland DETI. URL accessed 10 May 2006.
  12. ^ Population in Northern Ireland: breakdown by religious denomination, Census 2001
  13. ^ Ark survey, 2003. Answer to the question "Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a unionist, a nationalist or neither?"
  14. ^ Ark survey, 2004. Answers to the question "Do you think the long-term policy for Northern Ireland should be for it to [one of the following]"
  15. ^ "The Ulster fry". www.bbc.co.uk. BBC. 2020/6/9Browse.

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