High-rise apartment(Choukouso Mansion) is a conventionalApartmentFor residential use that is significantly higher thanHigh-rise building OfCommonly known..From the form of its appearanceTower Mansion (Tawaman)Also called.

There is no legal definition for high-rise condominiums in Japan, but the "Condominium Encyclopedia"Building Standard Law Article 20"Height is 58mIt is synonymous with "buildings that exceed" (including over 18 floors, which are about the same height)^[1].

世界

World's tallest high-rise condominium

The world's tallest high-rise condominiumList of high-rise apartments in the worldchecking ...

アメリカ合衆国

ニ ュ ー ヨ ー クWell, as soon as20st centuryfirst half·Great DepressionThere is a high-rise apartment building rush before and after^[1]..At the same time, the cityCentral ParkAlong the west side of, "The San Remo" ( 1930, 27 stories), "The Eldorado" ( 1931, 30 stories), mainly "The Century Apartment"ア ー ル デ コBoth styles are twin tower styleApartmentHas completed a total of 5 facilities.These apartments are still preserved as historic buildings andstatusIt is sold at a high price as an ultra-luxury apartment equipped with.

Second World WarLater, the cityマ ン ハ ッ タ ン OfMidtownInnumerable high-rise apartments have begun to stand in the area.In Europe and Americahousing complexIn the living style ofVeranda,バルコニーThe appearance of those buildings is not neededoffice building,HotelIt is often difficult to distinguish from such.

2001, Eastern Manhattan,United Nations Headquarters BuildingCompleted in front of the real estate kingDonald Trump"Trump World Tower" (262m, 72nd floor) owned by1990 eraAnd laterWestern hemisphereIt is the highest height for a skyscraper built in.It is still the highest-rise building in the Western Hemisphere as a residential building.On the first floor of the same buildingJapanese cuisineIn addition to moving in the storeJapaneseMLBIt is also known that the players live there.

Europe

In Europe1960 eraPeaked inUKExplosion accident etc.1970 eraSuppression tendency is conspicuous,Public housingGenerally, they do not have a very good image, such as being associated with^[1].

Japan

TraditionalDetached houseStrong commitment to living in a homeownership, disaster (Earthquake-火災In Japan, where there was a strong anxiety about high-rise residence from the aspect of), high-riseApartment houseMaintenance did not proceed.Also, it can be used for high-rise buildings.Fire truck(High-performance pump trucks, high-rise ladder trucks, etc.) have not been deployedMunicipalitiesThere were many (currently on the 11th floor and above)Sprinkler equipmentInstallation is mandatory).

However 1974(Showa 49),Kashima constructionOwnCompany housing"Shiinamachi Apartment"^{[Annotation 1]}(Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 18 stories)RC structureIt was proved that it is possible to increase the height of the condominium by constructing it in.afterwards, 1976(Showa 51)Sumitomo Real EstateIs Saitama prefectureYono City(CurrentSaitamaChuo-ku) With 21 floors and a height of 66mCondominium Completed "Yono House", which is considered to be the first high-rise condominium in Japan.at first,Floor-area ratio,Right of sunshineDue to such problems, a large land is required to build a high-rise condominium, and it is easy to acquire land.Suburb,RiverThere were many cases where it was located alongside.

1997(Heisei9 years),DeregulationAs part ofFloor-area ratioUp to 600%Shade regulation"High-rise residential guidance district" to be exempted from the application is voted in, and corridors, stairs, etc. are excluded from the calculation of floor area ratio.Building Standards LawAmendment was approved.As a result, the construction of high-rise condominiums has increased rapidly, TokyoCity centerDue to the large supply of housing in the Gulf region and other areasReturn to the city centerIt also caused a phenomenon called.After that, in the suburbs of the big cityTrainAlong the lineProvincial cityMany high-rise condominiums have also been built.

Currently, the highest-rise high-rise condominiums in Japan areOsakaChuo-kuof"The Kitahama(54 stories, height 209m).The highest-rise plan is the "Toranomon / Azabudai Project West Wing" (64 stories, height 262.89m) in Minato-ku, Tokyo, which is scheduled to be completed in 2022.

Tower condominiums also have sales activities aimed at child-rearing groups by developers, and many residents are families.^[2]..In the case of large tower condominiums, there are more than 1 units per building, which can be said to be a town, and there are areas where large-scale condominiums and tower condominiums occupy the chome.^[2]..Various stores necessary for daily life have opened in the surrounding area to form a compact city, but in the early tower condominiums, the number of nursery schools tends to be small due to the aging of the residents.^[2].

Current high-rise apartment

2020(Reiwa2) The ranking of the heights of high-rise condominiums over 6m nationwide as of June is as follows.

order	Name	image	Location	高 さ	Rank	Completion date
1	The Kitahama (Kitahama Tower)		OsakaChuo-ku	209.4m	54 floor	2009/3
2			TokyoShinjuku ward	208.97m	60 floor	2017/7
3	Park City Musashikosugi Mid Sky Tower		Kawasaki CityNakahara	203.45m	59 floor	2009/4
4	Cross Tower Osaka Bay		OsakaMinato-ku	200.4m	54 floor	2006/8
5			横 浜 市Naka-ku	199.95m	58 floor	2020
6	City Tower Hiroshima		Hiroshima citySouth ward	197.5m	52 floor	2016/8
7	THE TOKYO TOWERS MID TOWER		TokyoChuo-ku	193.5m	58 floor	2008/1
7	THE TOKYO TOWERS SEA TOWER		Chuo-ku, Tokyo	193.5m	58 floor	2008/1
9	The Park House Nakanoshima Tower		OsakaKita	192.93m	55 floor	2017
10	Kachidoki View Tower		Chuo-ku, Tokyo	192.2m	55 floor	2010/8
11	Tomihisa CrossComfort tower		Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo	191m	55 floor	2015
12	Shiodome H block skyscraper (Acty Shiodomeother)		TokyoMinato-ku	190.25m	56 floor	2004/4
13	City Tower Kobe Sannomiya		Kobe CityChuo-ku	190m	54 floor	2013/2
14	Osaka Hibiki no Machi The Sanctus Tower		OsakaNishi-ward	189.5m	53 floor	2015/3
15	Owl tower		TokyoToshima ward	189.2m	52 floor	2011/1
16	Toshima Eco Muses Town		Toshima Ward, Tokyo	189m	49 floor	2015
17	Capital Gate Place The Tower		Chuo-ku, Tokyo	187m	53 floor	2015
18	Elsa Tower 55		SaitamaKawaguchi city	185.8m	55 floor	1998/7
19	City Tower Musashikosugi		Nakahara Ward, Kawasaki City	185m	53 floor	2015
20	Cielia Tower Senri Chuo		OsakaToyonaka City	184.92m	52 floor	2019/2
21	Okawabata River City 21- Century Park Tower		Chuo-ku, Tokyo	180m	54 floor	1999/3
22	Park City Toyosu		TokyoKoto Ward	179.96m	52 floor	2008/3
23	Park City Musashikosugi The Garden Towers East		Nakahara Ward, Kawasaki City	178.90m	53 floor	2017/12
24	Park City Musashikosugi The Garden Towers West		Nakahara Ward, Kawasaki City	178.90m	53 floor	2018/11
25	KACHIDOKI THE TOWER		Chuo-ku, Tokyo	178.78m	53 floor	2016/11
26	Park Tower Harumi		Chuo-ku, Tokyo	178.49m	48 floor	2019/2
27	W Comfort Towers East		Koto Ward, Tokyo	178.48m	54 floor	2004/8
28	hitoto Hiroshima The Tower		Hiroshima cityNaka-ku	178.08m	53 floor	2020
29	The Tower Osaka		大阪 市 福島 区	177.7m	49 floor	2008/6
30	City Tower Nishi-Umeda		OsakaFukushima	177.4m	50 floor	2007/1
31	DEUX TOURS CANAL & SPA EAST Building		Chuo-ku, Tokyo	177.3m	52 floor	2015/9
31	DEUX TOURS CANAL & SPA WEST Building		Chuo-ku, Tokyo	177.3m	52 floor	2015/9
33			Koto Ward, Tokyo	175.01m	52 floor	2012/12
34	Grand Front Osaka Owners Tower		Kita Ward, Osaka City	174.2m	48 floor	2013/4
35	Makuhari Bay Park Sky Grand Tower		ChibaMihama	172.4m	48 floor	2020
36	Park Axis Aoyama XNUMX-chome Tower		Minato-ku, Tokyo	172.39m	46 floor	2007/3
37	Mikage Tower Residence		Kobe CityHigashinada Ward	170m	47 floor	2010/3

The highest transition in height in Japan

• 1976-1987-Yono House (66m)
• 1987-1989- Bell park cityBuilding G (115.95m)
• 1989-1991- Okawabata River City 21River Point Tower (132m)
• 1991-1993-East Court 3rd Avenue (140m)
• 1993-1998- Orc Prior Tower ResidenceNUMXm
• 1998-2004 --Elsa Tower 55 (185m)
• 2004-2006 --Acty Shiodome (190m)
• 2006-2009 --Cross Tower Osaka Bay (200m)
• 2009 ~ --The Kitahama (209m)

The highest transition in Japan for the number of floors

• 1976-1987-Yono House (22nd floor)
• 1987-1989-Bell Park City Building G (36th floor)
• 1989-1992- Okawabata River City 21River Point Tower (40th floor)
• 1992-1993 --Sakuramiya River City Water Tower Plaza (41st floor)
• 1993-1998- Orc Prior Tower Residence(50st floor)
• 1998-2004 --Elsa Tower 55 (55th floor)
• 2004-2008 --Acty Shiodome (56th floor)
• 2008-2009 --THE TOKYO TOWERS (58th floor)
• 2009-2017 --Park City Musashikosugi Mid Sky Tower (59th floor)
• 2017---The Parkhouse Nishi-Shinjuku Tower 60 (60th floor)

Under construction / planning

The order of heights of high-rise condominiums under construction and planned is as follows.

problem

Possibility of resonance with long-period ground motion

SkyscraperNatural vibration OfcycleIs longer than low-rise buildings,EarthquakeRecently, it has been pointed out that there is a possibility of resonance with the seismic motion of a huge subduction-zone earthquake with a long motion cycle.The history of skyscrapers in Japan is short, and since there are no skyscrapers that have experienced a huge subduction-zone earthquake, empirical predictions cannot be made, and simulations are the only option.Seismic control method,Seismic isolation methodThere are not a few high-rise condominiums built in Japan these days, but in any case, a huge subduction zone earthquakeLong-period ground motionFixing furniture is recommended in case of resonance with^[1]..Furthermore, there are concerns about the occurrence of "high-rise refugees" in which residents on the upper floors lose their means of transportation when the elevator stops due to an earthquake.^[3].

Difficulty in managing the management association

High-rise condominiums are large in scale and have a large number of compartmentalized owners.In addition, the view is one of the points that buyers of high-rise condominiums place importance on, and the price gap between the lower floors and the upper floors is generally large (it can be seen to be several times higher).^{[Annotation 2]}, The size of the income / asset disparity between compartmentalized ownersManagement associationEasy to affect operation^[1].

Health

Study the effects of the environment on the human bodyTokai UniversityFaculty of medicineFumio Osaka states that living on higher floors increases the rate of miscarriage among women and makes children more susceptible to hypothermia and allergic diseases.^[4][5].

Educational aspect

Of the prestigious association presidentNoriyasu Nishimura"In terms of average academic ability, I think that children living in high-rise condominiums are probably higher than children who do not."^[6], "Because the stimulation to the five senses is overwhelmingly small, it is not possible to train enough when the physical sensation should be naturally trained.^[6]"It is a fact that the tendency is that things cannot be imagined due to lack of actual experience, and it tends to take time to understand.^[7]"It has said.

Aging

Housing complexAnd super high-rise condominiums differ in the year of completion and the shape (structure of the building), but they have the same problem in that a large number of residents increase in a short period of time. As of 2016, the aging of residents has already begun in the early high-rise condominiums, as in the former housing complex.Some say that even in popular areas of the city, the rapid aging of the population will face the same problems as mountain villages, such as whether medical and long-term care facilities are sufficient.^[2].

Works set in a high-rise apartment

• "" (1975)- JG BallardNovel.
• "High rise(2015) --A film adaptation of the ballad novel.
• "Sand Tower-A Neighbor Who Knows Too Much(2016)- TBS OfTV drama..starring Miho Kanno.

footnote

注 釈

Source

References

• Japan Mansion SocietyHen "Apartment Encyclopedia" Civil Law Study Group, 2008.ISBN 978-4-89628-457-7. 

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