Exclusive economic zone(Welcome to the economy,British: EXclusive Eeconomic Zone; EEZ,Buddha: Zone économique exclusive, ZEE,alone: Ausschließliche Wirtschaftszone, AWZ) IsUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaSet based on,Natural resourcesas well as the natural energyAbout "Sovereign rights, AndArtificial island・ Installation of facilities,Environmental protection·Maintenance,Marine science researchAbout "Jurisdiction”水域Indicates that.

Translated as body of water, but in English there is no implication of simply zone and body of water.

Sovereign rights

Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, coastal states are their ownBaseline (sea)To 200nautical mileAn exclusive economic zone can be set within the range of (370.4 kilometers <1 nautical mile = 1,852 meters>).

Exists on the sea, under the sea, on the seabed, and below the seabed in the set water areaFisheries-mineralresourceAlso, obtained from seawater, ocean currents, and sea breezenatural energyAgainstExploration / development / maintenance and managementIt is clearly stated that it has the exclusive right to do so (the right to exercise exclusively without being infringed by other countries).

At the stage of reserves of mineral resources existing in the exclusive economic zone, coastal countriesOwnershipDoes not exist, and its rights arise when it is mined and pulled up to land, maritime facilities, and ships.In addition, ownership of marine products only arises after they are landed.For renewable energy, for exampleelectricityFor the first time after being converted toProperty rightsOccurs.

Ratifying coastal states may enact legislation and provide penalties only for the following acts against natural resources and renewable energy:Although it does not reach sovereignty, it is called "sovereign right" because it has exclusivity.sovereignty"Is a clear distinction.

Jurisdiction

Also in the exclusive economic zoneConstruction of artificial islands and facilities,Environmental protection and conservation in the sea areaActions that may destroy the environment from the perspective ofScientific research on the oceanCoastal states are exclusive to the implementation ofLicense right, And requires prior application to coastal countries.Coastal states can control the right act by granting or not permitting the application.If a coastal country acts differently from the application and a violation is revealed, it can be stopped promptly.

Marine scientific researchRegarding, there is a gap in the claims of each country regarding the definition of what constitutes a scientific survey, and there is no consensus.

Exclusive economic zone

Historically, the waters were devised for thorough resource management so that the sustainable use of marine natural resources would not be hindered.Current "United Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaThe exclusive economic zone defined in 』is the water area that applies from the bottom of the seabed to the top of the sea, but historically it is the" fishing waters "above the seabed and the" continental shelf "on the seabed and below the seabed. It consisted of two separately assembled concepts.

Fishery waters

For "fishery waters", see "Underwater biological resources"Migratory property"WhenWatersIt is based on the "continuity" of movement of biological resources at boundaries.For fish, etc., the territorial waters boundary does not hinder the movement and can move freely, so the biological resources in the territorial waters are greatly affected by the increase and decrease of biological resources in the neighboring territorial waters.Therefore, he appealed for the legitimacy of the coastal states having the right to control the fishing industry conducted outside the territorial waters adjacent to their own territorial waters.

The first attempt to manage a territorial high seas fishery in history was in the United StatesPresident TrumanDeclared in 1945 byUnited States Policy on Coastal Fisheries in High Seas Waters] Is the beginning.Although this declaration does not set a specific range of fishing waters, it could not be said that the territorial waters width was agreed internationally at that time.At that time, various mothership-type fisheries were becoming popular due to innovations in fishing technology, and foreign countries were held near their own territorial waters.Pelagic fisheryIt was a declaration proclamation including a check on the person.

A treaty based on consent between nations was adopted in 1958 and entered into force in 1966.Convention on the Conservation of Fisheries and High Seas Biological Resources] Is the first.When two or more countries fish in one fishing ground overseas, it was decided by the agreement of those countries to manage the fishing grounds.It was also stipulated that a country could establish a water area (fishery water area) outside the territorial waters adjacent to the territorial waters to manage fisheries.However, the Convention did not specify any specific figures for the range of the outer boundary of the fishing area.This vague definition of fishery waters left a stigma, and then each country tentatively declared its own fishery waters and unilaterally exercised jurisdiction, that is, unilaterally regulated fisheries against fishing vessels of other countries. ..Until the conclusion and entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in JapanProvisional lawAs 200 from the territorial waters baseline to the outer boundary of the fishing areanautical mile"" Was enforced in 1977, and a unique "fishery water area" was set up and declared at home and abroad.

continental shelf

For the "continental shelf"rock,Sediment,Volcanic ashFrom land such asSedimentBycontinental shelfAnd the formation of seafloor slopes were considered.Around the landGeologyFormed in the sediment over a long period of timeoilMineral resources such as and from sedimentsInorganic-organic matterAssuming biological resources that inhabit the seabed that gradually move for generations, the basis is "extension" with the land (territory) and the surrounding sea (territorial waters).Inhabits oil and the seabed if there is no sediment from landcrabIt is an argument that such things could not be done.Also, with the technology at that timeoil-Natural gasDevelop seabed mineral resources such as seabedpipelineThere was no way to produce oil and natural gas other than transporting it to the coast, and the cooperation of coastal countries was considered to be an essential condition for developing seabed resources.Based on the coastal nations and roles played in the generation of continental shelf resources and the importance of coastal nations in continental shelf resource development, it was decided that coastal nations have jurisdiction over continental shelf resource development.

Historical territory overseasHigh seasAttempts to manage submarine resources below are in the United StatesPresident TrumanDeclared in 1945 byUS Policy on Underground and Undersea Natural Resources on the Continental Shelf] Is the beginning.This declaration does not specify the geomorphological definition, range, or depth of water on the continental shelf.

The first treaty based on consent between nations was adopted in 1958 and entered into force in 1964.Convention on the Continental Shelf].The adjacent continental shelf of 200m or less outside the territory was designated as the treaty continental shelf, and "development possibility" was given to enable expansion if resources could be developed even at a depth of 200m or deeper.It was thought that the limit of the water depth at which oil and gas development of the technology at that time was possible was about 200 m, and it was written in anticipation of the possibility of seabed development at a deeper water depth due to the development of science and technology. is there.Another important point is that countries that are adjacent to each other across the sea and share the continental shelf and countries that share the territorial waters cannot unilaterally set the continental shelf boundary without mutual agreement. The continental shelf boundary line to be used is that it is clearly stated that the middle equidistant line is the principle (with exceptions).

Exclusive economic zone

The "fishing waters", which had been unilaterally declared and cracked down, were adopted in 1982, and with the "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" which came into effect in 1994, they were integrated with the conventional concept of "continental shelf" and newly " It was stipulated as the term "exclusive economic zone".At this time, it was decided that the range of water area and seabed area would be 200 nautical miles from the territorial waters baseline in principle.The provisions for water depths shallower than 200 m and "development potential" stipulated in the old treaty "Convention on the Continental Shelf" have disappeared.In addition, the conditions that are topographically recognized as a continental shelf are set, and the maximum of the seabed that meets the conditions of the continental shelf at 200 nautical miles or more is set.Territorial waters baselineIt was decided that the continental shelf boundary should be within 350 nautical miles at the maximum or within 2500 nautical miles from the isolines at a depth of 100 m. (Continental shelf extension)

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea not only stipulates "sovereign rights" and "jurisdiction" in the "exclusive economic zone" of coastal states, but also protects them in the "exclusive economic zone" of non-coastal states. The rights to be granted are also stipulated.They are as follows.

• Sailing
• Flying over
• Laying submarine electric wires and pipelines

Conditions for the island that is the starting point of the exclusive economic zone

Starting from the exclusive economic zone in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaTerritorial waters baselineThe requirements for islands where can be established are in Article 121.

Item 1

Paragraph 1 stipulates that "an island is a naturally formed land that is surrounded by water and remains on the surface of the water even at high tide." Has been done.That is, it can be interpreted that the land submerged on the seabed due to the tide is not an "island" under this Convention.

Item 2

Paragraph 2 stipulates that "except as provided in Paragraph 3, the island's territorial waters, contiguous waters, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of this Convention applicable to other territories." , The "island" under this Convention as defined in paragraph 1Waters,Connected water area, Exclusive economic zone andcontinental shelfIn determining the starting point ofterritoryIt can be interpreted from the text when it is treated as.However, "rocks that cannot sustain human settlement or their own economic life" as defined in Section 3 below are not treated as "territories" in determining the origin of the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. It can be interpreted that it is defined on the premise of that.

Item 3

Section 3 states that "rocks that cannot sustain human settlement or their own economic life do not have an exclusive economic zone or continental shelf."This section does not mention territorial waters or continental waters, so even if it is a "rock that cannot maintain human settlement or its own economic life", it is necessary to determine the starting point for territorial waters and continental waters. It can be interpreted from the text that it can be treated as "territorial waters".In addition, "rocks capable of maintaining human settlement or unique economic life" can be treated as "territory" in determining the starting points of territorial waters, contiguous waters, exclusive economic zones and continental shelves. A logical interpretation is possible.

Logical interpretation

Regarding the relationship between the two concepts of "islands" under the Convention of Article 121 and "rocks that cannot maintain human settlement or their own economic life" under the Convention,

1. The theory that "rocks that cannot sustain human settlement or their own economic life" is part of an "island" (sufficient condition)
2. The theory that "rocks that cannot maintain human settlement or their own economic life" and "islands" are in a relationship of exclusion (incompatible)

There are two theories.

Differences in claims over exclusive economic zone demarcation

Overlapping waters emerge when two neighboring countries across the sea draw a line from the territorial waters baseline to the limit of 400 nautical miles of the exclusive economic zone at a distance of less than 2 nautical miles.In such a case, it is not possible to unilaterally set where to redraw the boundary in the overlapping water area without mutual agreement. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea does not stipulate the procedure for delineating overlapping sea areas, and each country seeks to maximize the economic benefits of water areas, making demarcation of boundaries extremely difficult.

For example, East China SeaInPeople's Republic of ChinaIs the tip of the continental shelf that extends from the coast of the country based on the "continental shelf natural extension theory"Okinawa TroughIt claims the "East China Sea Continental Shelf Okinawa Trough Limit Theory" that the boundary of the EEZ, which is the bottom of the western slope of the island, is also at the same position as the continental shelf boundary.On the other hand, in Japan, the seafloor topography such as the Okinawa Trough has no legal meaning, and the eastern end of the East China Sea continental shelf isNansei IslandsEast sideRyukyu TrenchIt insists on the "East China Sea Continental Shelf Ryukyu Trench Limit Theory" that it is on a slope that falls toward.Furthermore, if this "East China Sea Continental Shelf Ryukyu Trench Limit Theory" is taken, Japan and China will share the continental shelf. Japan argues that it is appropriate to use the equidistant midline as the boundary between the continental shelf and the EEZ.^[1]..Taking the "East China Sea Continental Shelf Okinawa Trough Limit Theory" that China insists, the seafloor resources of both countries, such as equidistant midlines, will be greatly inclined toward China from a balanced state, and the seafloor resources will be "equal." It deviates greatly from the principle of "solution".The "equidistant midline theory" claimed by Japan is justified from the principle of "equal solution".

Incidentally,MyanmarとバングラデシュIn the conflict betweenInternational court of lawHas ruled that the (attributive) boundaries of the continental shelf are based on the midline.^[2].

China isSouth China SeaHe insists on the "equidistant midline theory" as the basis for redrawing the overlapping waters of the EEZ with other countries starting from the upper island, which is in conflict with the claims of Vietnam and the Philippines.China insists on the "equidistant midline theory" because there is no clearly distinguishable limit on the continental shelf in the seafloor topography of the sea area at issue.However, before the boundary of the EEZ was set, there is a great doubt as to whether it is valid under the treaty because it started with unilateral seizure by the power of the islands as the starting point and is based on the unilateral claim of sovereignty.

Also, regarding the re-delineation of the boundary of the EEZ overlapping sea area between South Korea and China,Yellow seaThere is no topographically visible continental shelf termination on the continental shelf below the overlapping waters inside.Therefore, China considers that China and South Korea share the continental shelf and insists on the "equidistant midline theory" on the premise of "equal solution".However, at present, the exclusive demarcation line on the EEZ overlapping water area has not been demarcated, and China and South Korea have set up a joint fishery management water area in the EEZ overlapping water area as a provisional measure and are implementing joint management of biological resources.

Differences in claims over uncertain waters in Japan's exclusive economic zone

There are differences in the assertions about the basis of the demarcation method over the demarcation of the exclusive economic zone boundary between Japan and neighboring countries.

• Differences in claims with Taiwan

  • Japan-Taiwan Fisheries Agreement
  • Senkaku Islands Dispute

• Differences in claims with China

  • East China Sea gas field problem --China insists on the "East China Sea Continental Shelf Okinawa Trough Limit Theory."On the other hand, Japan takes the "East China Sea continental shelf Ryukyu Trench limit theory" and claims that it shares the East China Sea continental shelf with China.He argues that it is appropriate for the boundary on the continental shelf to adopt the principle of "equal solution" and to use the Japan-China equidistant midline as the boundary between the continental shelf and the EEZ.United Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaThere is no stipulation on the method of demarcating the overlapping water area of ​​the EEZ / continental shelf.
  • Japan-China Fishery Agreement
  • Senkaku Islands Dispute

• Differences in claims with South Korea

  • Japan-Korea Fisheries Agreement
  • Takeshima problem

• Differences in claims between China and South Korea

  • Okinotorishima --The Government of Japan circulates around the island to maintain an exclusive economic zoneconcrete,blockHardened witherosionIs prevented.Both China and South Korea use Okinotorishima as a "rock that cannot maintain human residence or its own economic life" as stipulated in Article 121, Paragraph 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and serve as the starting point for the continental shelf and EEZ. Claims not to get.However, in April 2012, the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf approved the continental shelf in the waters north of Okinotorishima starting from Okinotorishima, effectively making Okinotorishima an "island" under the treaty. Certified, the debate over whether Okinotorishima is an "island" or a "rock that cannot sustain human settlements or its own economic life" has been settled.The Kyushu-Palau Ridge southern waters (Okinotorishima southern waters) were not recommended because they may overlap the continental shelf of relative countries (Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of Palau, etc.).
  • Japan-Korea Continental Shelf Agreement --Korea claims that the joint development area of ​​the Japan-Korea Continental Shelf Agreement is the EEZ of Korea alone, and joined the United Nations Commission on the Limits of Continental Shelf in 2012.Okinawa TroughI applied for the extension of the continental shelf.Japan is the starting point of the EEZ in this areaTorishimaとMale and female islandsThe problem is also involved and it is complicated.South Korea is free to apply to the United Nations, but the final decision and entry into force of the EEZ requires consultation and consent with Japan, which has overlapping EEZs.China claims its exclusive economic zone (EEZ)KyusyuIt is opposed to the fact that the western sea area is included in the joint development area set by the Japan-Korea Continental Shelf Agreement.

• Differences in claims with Russia

  • Northern Territories issue

Conflicts in the world's exclusive economic zone

• Abeth Island
• Nansha Islands (Spratly Islands)
• Xisha Islands (Parcel Islands)
• Kastellorizo
• Greenland
• Crete
• Samos
• Timor Island
• Gulf of Fonseca

The Hague Arbitration Court Judgment

Judgment regarding the reef of the South China Sea

2016/July 7 in The Hague, The NetherlandsPermanent Arbitration Court South China Sea15 allegations made by the Philippines regarding China's claims and activities over^[4]Among the decisions I made regardingSouth China Sea OfNansha IslandsExists inLeafTake (reef) as an example and all of themclimaxHigh-tide features are legally exclusive economic zones or "rocks" that do not generate continental shelves.^[5].

Ranking by country / region

Each table is manned or unmannedSovereign state OfDependentIncluding,AntarcticaDoes not include claims of sovereignty. EEZ + TIA in Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)Total inner area (TIA) is added.^[6]

Country	EEZ km2	Continental shelf km2	EEZ + TIA km2
France	11,691,000	389,422	12,080,422
America	11,351,000	2,193,526	21,814,306
Australia	8,505,348	2,194,008	16,197,464
Russia	7,566,673	3,817,843	24,664,915
United Kingdom	6,805,586	722,891	7,048,486
Indonesia	6,159,032	2,039,381	8,063,601
Canada	5,599,077	2,644,795	15,607,077
Japan	4,479,388	454,976	4,857,318
New Zealand	4,083,744	277,610	4,352,424
Chugoku	3,879,666	831,340	13,520,487
チリ	3,681,989	252,947	4,431,381
Brazil	3,660,955	774,563	12,175,832
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	3,441,810	7,523	3,442,536
Mexico	3,269,386	419,102	5,141,968
ミクロネシア 連邦	2,996,419	19,403	2,997,121
Denmark	2,551,238	495,657	4,761,811
パ ュ ュ ニ ニ	2,402,288	191,256	2,865,128
Norway	2,385,178	434,020	2,770,404
India	2,305,143	402,996	5,592,406
マ ー ャ ル ル	1,990,530	18,411	1,990,711
Portugal	1,727,408	92,090	3,969,498
フィリピン	1,590,780	272,921	1,890,780
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	1,589,477	36,282	1,618,373
South Africa	1,535,538	156,337	2,756,575
セ ー シ ェ ェ	1,336,559	39,063	1,337,014
Mauritius	1,284,997	29,061	1,287,037
Fiji	1,282,978	47,705	1,301,250
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	1,225,259	101,505	1,812,300
Argentine	1,159,063	856,346	3,939,463
Ecuador	1,077,231	41,034	1,333,600
Spain	1,039,233	77,920	1,545,225
Maldives	923,322	34,538	923,622
Peru	906,454	82,000	2,191,670
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	825,052	55,895	1,462,709
コロンビア	808,158	53,691	1,949,906
カーボベルデ	800,561	5,591	804,594
アイス ランド	751,345	108,015	854,345
(I.e.	749,790	3,575	749,816
バヌアツ	663,251	11,483	675,440
トンガ	659,558	8,517	660,305
(I.e.	654,715	106,323	668,658
パラオ	603,978	2,837	604,437
Mozambique	578,986	94,212	1,380,576
モロッコ	575,230	115,157	1,287,780
Costa Rica	574,725	19,585	625,825
Namibia	564,748	86,698	1,388,864
Yemen	552,669	59,229	1,080,637
Italy	541,915	116,834	843,251
Oman	533,180	59,071	842,680
Myanmar	532,775	220,332	1,209,353
Sri Lanka	532,619	32,453	598,229
アンゴラ	518,433	48,092	1,765,133
Greece	505,572	81,451	637,529
South Korea	475,469	292,522	575,469
ベネズエラ	471,507	98.500	1,387,950
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	417,663	365,198	748,875
Ireland	410,310	139,935	480,583
(I.e.	351,589	64,763	2,111,129
Cuba	350,751	61,525	460,637
パナマ	335,646	53,404	411,163
Malaysia	334,671	323,412	665,474
(I.e.	308,480	41	308,501
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	303,509	7,820	331,560
Thailand	299,397	230,063	812,517
Egypt	263,451	61,591	1,265,451
Turkey	261,654	56,093	1,045,216
Jamaica	258,137	9,802	269,128
Dominican Republic	255,898	10,738	304,569
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	249,734	17,715	361,103
ホンジュラス	249,542	68,718	362,034
Tanzania	241,888	25,611	1,186,975
Pakistan	235,999	51,383	1,117,911
ガーナ	235,349	22,502	473,888
Saudi Arabia	228,633	107,249	2,378,323
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	217,313	42,285	1,141,081
シエラレオネ	215,611	28,625	287,351
ガボン	202,790	35,020	470,458
バルバドス	186,898	426	187,328
コ ー ト ワ ワ ー ル	176,254	10,175	498,717
(I.e.	168,718	118,693	1,797,468
モ ー タ ニ ニ	165,338	31,662	1,190,858
(I.e.	163,752	1,526	165,987
Sweden	160,885	154,604	602,255
セネガル	158,861	23,092	355,583
Netherlands	154,011	77,246	192,345
ウクライナ	147,318	79,142	750,818
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	142,166	75,327	318,381
ガイアナ	137,765	50,578	352,734
DPR Korea	132,826	54,566	253,364
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	131,397	1,902	132,361
サモア	127,950	2,087	130,781
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	127,772	53,631	291,592
ハイチ	126,760	6,683	154,510
アルジェリア	126,353	9,985	2,508,094
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	123,881	70,874	254,254
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	123,725	39,339	159,850
Kenya	116,942	11,073	697,309
Guatemala	114,170	14,422	223,059
バ ブ ブ ダ ダ ダ	110,089	4,128	110,531
チュニジア	101,857	67,126	265,467
Cyprus	98,707	4,042	107,958
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	90,962	16,852	112,003
Finland	87,171	85,109	425,590
バングラデシュ	86,392	66,438	230,390
Republic of China	83,231	43,016	119,419
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	77,728	61,817	195,328
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	74,199	25,284	79,329
東 テ モ ー ル	70,326	25,648	85,200
スーダン	68,148	19,827	1,954,216
Cambodia	62,515	62,515	243,550
(I.e.	59,426	44,755	305,283
Croatia	59,032	50,277	115,626
United Arab Emirates	58,218	57,474	141,818
Germany	57,485	57,485	414,599
Malta	54,823	5,301	55,139
エストニア	36,992	36,992	82,219
セ レ ン ン ン ン ン ン ン ン ン ン ン ン ン ン ン	36,302	1,561	36,691
ベリーズ	35,351	13,178	58,317
Bulgaria	34,307	10,426	145,186
(I.e.	33,221	2,721	145,843
Qatar	31,590	31,590	43,176
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	31,017	7,982	373,017
Poland	29,797	29,797	342,482
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	28,985	659	29,736
ラトビア	28,452	27,772	93,011
グレナダ	27,426	2,237	27,770
Israel	26,352	3,745	48,424
ルーマニア	23,627	19,303	262,018
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	23,112	5,581	34,407
ジ ョ ー ジ ジ	21,946	3,243	91,646
Lebanon	19,516	1,067	29,968
カ メ ル ー ン	16,547	11,420	491,989
セントルシア	15,617	544	16,156
アルバニア	13,691	6,979	42,439
ト ー ゴ	12,045	1,265	68,830
クウェート	11,026	11,026	28,844
(I.e.	10,503	1,085	195,683
バーレーン	10,225	10,225	10,975
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	10,090	8,509	15,855
セ ァ · · · · · · · · · · ·	9,974	653	10,235
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	7,745	3,896	21,557
ジブチ	7,459	3,187	30,659
リトアニア	7,031	7,031	72,331
Belgium	3,447	3,447	33,975
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	1,606	1,593	2,346,464
Singapore	1,067	1,067	1,772
(I.e.	771	771	439,088
(I.e.	288		290
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	256	256	6,276
スロベニア	220	220	20,493
Jordan	166	59	89,508
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu	50	50	51,259
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			2,724,900
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			1,564,100
チャド			1,284,000
ニ ジ ェ ー ル			1,267,000
(I.e.			1,240,192
エチオピア			1,104,300
Bolivia			1,098,581
Zambia			752,612
アフガニスタン			652,090
Central African Republic			622,984
南 ス ー ダ ダ			619,745
ボツワナ			582,000
トルクメニスタン			488,100
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			447,400
パラグアイ			406,752
Zimbabwe			390,757
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			274,222
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			241,038
Laos			236,800
ベ ラ ル ー シ			207,600
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			199,951
ネ パ ー ル			147,181
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			143,100
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			118,484
Hungary			93,028
アゼルバイジャン			86,600
Austria			83,871
Czech Republic			78,867
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			77,474
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			49,035
Switzerland			41,284
ブ ー タ タ			38,394
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			33,846
Lesotho			30,355
アルメニア			29,743
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			27,834
Rwanda			26,338
Northern Macedonia			25,713
Eswatini			17,364
(I.e.[A]			10,887
Luxembourg			2,586
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu			468
Lichtenstein			160
San Marino			61
Vatican City			0.44

footnote

1. ^ Japan's Legal Position on Resource Development in the East China Sea_Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2. ^ "Myanmar and Bangladesh Territorial Disputes International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea" The boundary of the continental shelf is based on the middle line ", FNN News, March 2012, 3
3. ^ "South China Sea disapproves of China's claim = no legal basis for "nine-dash line" -first judicial decision and arbitration court”. Jiji Press (August 2016, 7). 2016/7/13Browse.^{[Broken link]}
4. ^ “South China Sea Arbitration Trial, Philippines Aim”. Jiji dot com news (NHK). (December 2016, 7). originalArchived as of October 2016, 7.. https://web.archive.org/web/20160712140510/http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20160711/k10010589511000.html 2016/7/14Browse. 
5. ^ "all of the high-tide features in the Spratly Islands (including, for example, Itu Aba, Thitu, West York Island, Spratly Island, North-East Cay, South-West Cay) are legally“ rocks ”that do not generate an exclusive economic zone or continental shelf. ": Page 10
   "THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ARBITRATION”. The Hague Justice Portal (July 2016, 7). 2016/7/14Browse.
6. ^ Sea Around Us – Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Sea Around Us, http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez.aspx 2017/4/1Browse. 

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外部 リンク

• Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (English) - Encyclopedia of EarthItem of "Exclusive Economic Zone".
• "Conceptual image of Japanese waters". Japan Coast Guard. 2021/7/11Browse.
• Japan's Exclusive Economic Zone and Japan Coast Guard Documents
• World Exclusive Economic Zone Area Ranking
• 200 nautical miles Fishery hit Japan directly (1977) - NHK Broadcast History
• What is the Exclusive Economic Zone? - Koto bank
• What is the Exclusive Economic Zone? --Agriculture, forestry and fisheries terminology Webliodictionary