Photo Izumi, representative of the Constitutional Democratic Party (right), responding to press conference questions at a regular press conference = 22nd, in the Diet
Constitutional Democratic Party abbreviations Constitutional Democratic Constitutional Democrats Again?Summer House of Councilors election Ripples in Kanagawa Prefecture
If you write the contents roughly
At a press conference on the 22nd, Kenta Izumi, the representative of the Constitutional Democratic Party, explained the reason why the abbreviation was decided to be the Democratic Party, but the prefectural federation has insisted on using "Rikken" consistently from the previous House of Representatives election.
In the summer upper house election, the Constitutional Democratic Party decided to continue using the abbreviation "Democratic Party" for the lower house election, and ripples spread in Kanagawa prefecture ... → Continue reading
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House of Representatives general election
 Japanese politics  |
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House of Representatives general election(Elections)[Note 1]IsJapanese election.Japan OfHouse of RepresentativesIsHouse of Representatives[Note 2]Election of members of the Diet.
General election of members of the House of Representatives under the Constitution of Japan
Overview
House of RepresentativesWas elected on behalf of all the peopleMember of the House of RepresentativesOrganized in (Article 43 of the Constitution of JapanThe same applies to item 1, the House of Councilors).The term of office is four years, but in the middle of the termDissolution of the House of RepresentativesIn the case of, the term of office ends before the expiration of the period (Article 45 of the Constitution of Japan).In addition, the general election of members of the House of Representatives refers only to those caused by the dissolution and expiration of the term of office, and in a specific constituency.Re-election,By-electionIs not included in the "general election".
The Constitution of JapanBelow, the general election due to the dissolution of the House of Representatives will be held within 40 days from the date of the dissolution of the House of Representatives.electionI do(Article 54 of the Constitution of Japan1st paragraph,Public office election lawArticle 31 Paragraph 3).On the other hand, the general election due to the expiration of the term of office will be held within 30 days before the expiration of the term of office (Public Offices Election Law, Article 31, Paragraph 1).The period of the general election due to the expiration of the term of office国会If it is during the opening of the Diet or if it takes within 23 days from the closing date of the Diet, a general election will be held within 24 days after 30 days from the closing date of the Diet (Public Offices Election Law, Article 31, Paragraph 2).In addition, according to this rule, the polling date may be after the expiration of the term of office by dissolving the term immediately before the expiration of the term of office.[Note 3].
By the way,The Constitution of JapanThe general election was held under the expiration of the term of office.Miki CabinetIt was held on December 1976, 51 (Showa 12) at that time.34 timesOnly (see below).
Usually, "general election" is a term used only for the election of members of the House of Representatives, and it is called "ordinary election" because the election of members of the House of Councilors is always held every three years and re-elected by half.Article 3 of the Public Offices Election Act also expires the term of "general election"Dissolution of the House of RepresentativesIt is used as a term to refer to the election of members of the House of Representatives.However, the announcement of the election of members of the Diet was stipulated.Article 7 of the Constitution of JapanRegarding the "general election" of No. 4, the same article states "Member of ParliamentPublicly announce the enforcement of the general election of the House of Representatives. "Emperor OfNational actIt is generally understood that the "general election" in Article 7-4 of the Constitution includes the general election of members of the House of Councilors, because it is understood that the purpose is as follows.[1]..According to the Public Offices Election Law, the date for the general election of members of the House of Representatives must be announced at least 12 days in advance (Public Offices Election Law, Article 31, Paragraph 4).
Electionvote(Article 35 of the Public Offices Election Act).In the election of members of the House of Representatives, one vote is voted for each member elected in the small constituency and each member elected as a proportional representative (Article 36 of the Public Election Law).Regarding the management of election affairs for the general election of members of the House of Representatives, unless otherwise specified, the election of members elected to the single-seat constituency is conducted by the prefecture.Election Management CommitteeManages and elects proportional representation membersCentral Election CommissionManages (Article 5 of the Public Offices Election Act).Voting right-Right to vote・ For details on the election system, see the following sections.
If the House of Representatives is dissolved and a general election for members of the House of Councilors is to be held during the general election for members of the House of Councilors, both the House of Representatives election and the House of Councilors election will be held at the same time (Same day election).
The term of office of elected members of the House of Representatives is four years (Article 45 of the Constitution of JapanBody, but with dissolution).The term of a member of the House of Representatives is calculated from the date of the general election (the text of Article 256 of the Public Offices Election Act), but if the general election due to the expiration of the term is held before the date of the expiration of the term of the member of the House of Representatives, the date of the expiration of the term of the predecessor It will be calculated from the next day (Public Offices Election Law Article 256 proviso).
When a general election for members of the House of Representatives is held due to the dissolution of the House of Representatives, the Diet must be convened within 30 days from the date of the election (the latter part of Article 54 of the Constitution of Japan).The Diet convened after the general election due to the dissolution of the House of Representatives (the Diet convened under Article 54 of the Japanese Constitution)Special meetingIt is called (Special Diet) (Article 1, Paragraph 3 of the Diet Law).On the other hand, when a general election for members of the House of Representatives is held due to the expiration of the term of office, within 30 days from the start of the term of office.Extraordinary meeting(Extraordinary Diet session) must be convened (Article 2-3, Paragraph 1 of the Diet Act).However, within that periodRegular meetingThis does not apply if (ordinary Diet session) is convened, or if the period is the period during which the ordinary election of members of the House of Councilors should be held (the proviso of Article 2-3, Paragraph 1 of the Diet Act).
At the same time as the general election of members of the House of RepresentativesJudge of the Supreme Court national reviewIs carried out (Article 79, Paragraph 2 of the Constitution).
Right to vote and eligibility for election
The qualifications of members of the House of Representatives and their electors are stipulated by law (specifically, the Public Offices Election Act, etc.) (Article 44 of the Constitution of JapanText).
Voting right
- Japanese peopleThose who are 18 years of age or older have the right to vote for members of the House of Representatives (Public Offices Election Law, Article 9, Paragraph 1).
- The revised Public Offices Election Law was enacted in June 2015, and the age of voting rights was reduced from 27 years old or older to 6 years old or older from June 2016 (Heisei 28).18 years old）[2].
- Exceptionally, for those who do not have the right to vote, Article 11, Paragraph 1, Article 252 of the Public Offices Election Act,Political Funds Control LawThere are provisions in Article 28.
Right to vote
- Japanese nationals aged 25 years or older have the right to be elected as members of the House of Representatives (Public Offices Election Act, Article 10, Paragraph 1, Pillars and No. 1).
- Exceptionally, those who do not have eligibility for election are stipulated in Articles 11 and 11-2 and 252 of the Public Offices Election Act and Article 28 of the Political Funds Control Act.
Election method
- Matters concerning the general election of members of the House of Representatives, such as the number of members, constituencies, and voting methods, are stipulated by law (Public Offices Election Act, etc.) (Article 43 of the Constitution of JapanItem 2Article 47).
- A constant of 465 peopleSingle-seat constituency proportional representation.ConstituencyNumber 289 and 289 membersSingle-seat constituency election,andConstituencyNumber 11 and 176 membersProportional representation electionAnd,Single-seat constituency systemとProportional constituencyAnd are coexisting at the same time in a form that always overlaps equally (Public Offices Election Law, Article 4).
Single-seat constituency system
- One person with the most votes is elected from each constituency.However, more than one-sixth of the total number of valid votes (Legal vote) Must be (Public Offices Election Act, Article 95, Paragraph 1, Item 1)[3].
- Single-seat constituency systemIs a system that selects one person from the constituencies, so all prefectures are divided into 1 constituencies according to the fixed number of 289 people.Single-seat constituency systemEach ofConstituencyabout,House of Representatives single-member constituency systemchecking ...
- Electors vote by writing the name of one candidate on a ballot (Articles 1, 35, 36, Paragraph 44 of the Public Offices Election Act,Article 46 paragraph 1).
- House of Representatives Elections Section Cabinet Office(Article 1) When it is deemed necessary to investigate and deliberate on the revision of the constituency of members elected to the House of Representatives single-member constituency, prepare a draft revision.Prime Minister(Article 2 of the Law for the Establishment of the Election District Council for Members of the House of Representatives).
Proportional representation
- Of the general election of members of the Japanese House of RepresentativesProportional representation OfConstituencyIeProportional constituencyIs a unit of all prefecturesHokkaido,Tohoku,North Kanto,South Kanto,Tokyo,Hokuriku Shinetsu[4],Tokai,Kinki,Chugoku,Shikoku,Kyusyu[4]It is divided into 11 constituencies.Detail is,List of proportional representative constituencies in the House of RepresentativesOrHouse of Representatives single-member constituency systemchecking ...
- In the general election of members of the Japanese House of RepresentativesProportional representationWhen expressing the "electoral district" ofProportional constituency"Or" proportional representation system XX constituency "should be expressed, but for the sake of simplicity, orSingle-seat constituency systemな どMultiple representative systemTo clearly show that it is not the "electoral district" ofConstituencyDo not dare to use the word "○○○"block"Proportional representation ○○○ block" "proportional ○○○ block" "○○○ block", or even "block" is not used and is often expressed as "proportional ○○○".
- Each "Political Party Notifying the House of Representatives List" (Article 86-2 of the Public Offices Election ActThe number of winners of the political party or other political organization notified under paragraph 1 isProportional representation (system) constituency("Proportional representation block”) According to the number of votes of each“ political party, etc. ”Don't typeIt is decided after proportional distribution is made in (Article 95-2 of the Public Offices Election Act(Item 1).
- "Political parties notifying the House of Representatives list" (Article 86-2 of the Public Offices Election ActCandidates who belong to a political party or other political organization that has submitted a notification pursuant to paragraph 1 are prohibited from running for duplicate.Article 87 of the lawDespite the provisions of paragraph 1,Article 86-2 of the lawAccording to the provisions of paragraph 4, only single-member constituencies with overlapping constituencies and overlapping candidacy for proportional representation are allowed as an exception.
- Which of the proportional representation candidates of each "House of Representatives list reporting party, etc." will be the proportional representation winner is determined in advance according to the order in which the "House of Representatives list reporting party, etc." should be the winner notified by the "list". (Restriction list method,Article 95-2 of the Public Offices Election ActItem 4).In the general election of members of the House of CouncilorsNon-binding list methodThe proportional representation system is adopted, and the method is different from the general election of members of the House of Representatives.
- "Political parties notifying the list of the House of Representatives, etc." may have the same ranking for all or part of the list-registered persons who are running for the single-member district system and the proportional representation system.Article 86-2 of the Public Offices Election ActItem 4).in this case,Loss rate(The person listed in the list ran forSingle-seat constituency systemThe ranking of the winners is determined by the amount of votes (ratio of votes to the highest number of votes).Article 95-2 of the Public Offices Election ActItem 3).However, among the candidates who overlap the single-seat constituency system and the proportional representation system, those who do not get one-tenth of the total number of valid votes in the single-seat constituency will be elected even in the proportional representation system. Can't (Article 93 of the Public Offices Election Act).
- The losers in the single-seat constituency systemLoss rateOne so that you can rationally win the resurrection bySingle-seat constituency systemIs always oneProportional constituencyIt is decided to be included in.For these relationships,List of Houses of Representativeschecking ...
- Electors vote by writing the name of one "Political Party Notifying the House of Representatives List" on the ballot (Public Offices Election Law, Articles 35, 36, 44, Paragraph 1, etc.)Article 46 paragraph 2).
Office expenses
In each House of Representatives election, about 700 billion yen of administrative expenses are included in the national budget.[5].
General election of members of the House of Representatives under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan
Imperial Japanese ConstitutionEven below, the House of Representatives is stipulated to be organized by publicly elected members as stipulated by the Election Law (Article 35 of the Japanese Empire Constitution[Note 4]), The House of Representatives Election Law (Law No. 22 of 37) was stipulated as a law to embody it.
In case of dissolution of the House of RepresentativesImperial orderIt was stipulated that a new member of the Diet should be elected and convened within five months from the date of dissolution (Article 45 of the Japanese Empire Constitution).This edict is a legal form.EdictNot done by a rescript[Note 5]
Right to vote and eligibility for election
Voting right
- At the beginning of the enactment of the House of Representatives Election Law (Law No. 1889 of Meiji 22) in 22 (Meiji 37), the person was required to meet the following qualifications (Article 6 of the House of Representatives Election Law).
- Japanese subjects boys over 25 years old
- One year or more before the deadline for preparing the electoral list, the registered domicile has been established and has lived in the prefecture.
- One year or more before the date of preparation of the electoral list, and continue to pay the national tax of 1 yen or more directly in the prefecture (however, for income tax, pay this three years or more before the date of preparation of the electoral list and continue to pay it. Is)
- According to the revised House of Representatives Election Law of 1900 (Meiji 33) (Law No. 33 of 73), he became a person who meets the following qualifications (Article 8, Paragraph 1 of the House of Representatives Election Law).
- A boy who is an imperial subject and is over 25 years old
- Have and continue to have a residence in the constituency for at least one year before the date of preparation of the electoral list
- 1 year or more before the date of preparation of the electoral list, 10 yen or more for land tax, or 2 years or more for direct national tax other than land tax, or 10 yen or more through land tax and other direct national taxes.
- The tax payment qualification was abolished by the revised House of Representatives Election Law (Law No. 1925 of 14, so-called General Election Law) in 14 (Taisho 47).
- According to the 1945 (Showa 20) Amendment of the House of Representatives Election Law (20 Law No. 42)Female suffrage(Women's suffrage) is recognized.
Right to vote
- At the beginning of the enactment of the House of Representatives Election Law (Law No. 1889 of 22) in 22 (Meiji 37), as a general rule, Japanese vassals were 30 years old or older and at least one year before the date of preparation of the electoral list. Those who paid the national tax of 1 yen or more directly in the prefecture and continued to pay it (however, the income tax was paid and continued to be paid for 15 years or more before the date of preparation of the electoral list) were selected (Article 3 of the House of Representatives Election Law). ).
- According to the revised House of Representatives Election Law of 1900 (Meiji 33) (Law No. 33 of Meiji 73), as a general rule, boys who are subjects of the Empire became persons over 30 years old (Article 10 of the House of Representatives Election Law).
- Women's suffrage (women's suffrage) is recognized by the revised House of Representatives election law (Law No. 1945 of 20) in 20.The following day, April 42, 1946 (Showa 21)22th House of Representatives general election39 female lawmakers were born.
Transition to the Constitution of Japan
1946/(21)4/10 Of22th House of Representatives general electionHowever, it was the last general election of members of the House of Representatives under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.1947/(22)5/3ToThe Constitution of JapanWas enforced.
April 1947, 2223th House of Representatives general electionWas the first general election for members of the House of Representatives under the Constitution of Japan, but this election was held under the House of Representatives Election Law.
After that, the Public Offices Election Law (Law No. 1950 of April 25, 25) was enforced in 4, and the House of Representatives Election Law was abolished.
History of the general election of members of the House of Representatives
- 1889/(22th year of Meiji)
- Imperial Japanese ConstitutionPromulgated with (Meiji 22 Law No. 37).principleSingle-seat constituency systemAnd direct national tax (≒income tax) A secret ballot and provision by a boy over 15 years old who pays 21 yen (the monetary value at that time is 10000/1 of the 25st century) or more.
- 1890/(23th year of Meiji)
- The first general election of members of the House of Representatives.
- 1900/(33th year of Meiji)
- Amendment of the House of Representatives election law.In one prefecture and one constituencyLarge constituency system(However, cities with a population of 3 or more are independent constituencies), and the vote will be changed to anonymous voting by boys aged 10 and over who pay a national tax of 25 yen or more directly (Secret electionEstablished).
- 1902/(35th year of Meiji)
- General election under the revised House of Representatives election law (1900) (7th House of Representatives general election).
- 1919/(Taisho 8)
- Amendment of the House of Representatives election law.In principle, the single-member constituency system will be adopted, and the vote will be changed to bearer voting by boys aged 3 and over who pay a national tax of 25 yen or more directly.
- 1920/(Taisho 9)
- General election under the revised House of Representatives election law (1919) (14th House of Representatives general election).
- 1925/(Taisho 14)
- Amendment of the House of Representatives Election Law (so-called General Election Law).Middle-election systemBy abolishing tax payment conditions and by boys over 25 years oldGeneral electionAnd
- 1928/(3)
- General election under the revised House of Representatives election law (1925) (16th House of Representatives general election).
- 1945/(20)
- Amendment of the House of Representatives election law.principlePrefecturesUnit restrictions Continuous voting Daisenkyokusei system.Over 20 years old (defined by Japanese law) due to women's suffrage and lowering the age of voting rightsadultEstablished universal suffrage by men and women.
- 1946/(21)
- General election under the revised House of Representatives Election Act (1945),Politics broadcast(Radio) started (22nd House of Representatives general election).
- 1947/(22)
- Amendment of the House of Representatives election law.Single-sentence medium-sized electoral district system.Enforcement of the Constitution of Japan (universal suffrage /Equal election・ Guarantee of secret elections).The first general election under the Constitution of Japan (23rd House of Representatives general election).
- 1950/(25)
- Public office election law(Law No. 25, April 4, 15) Enforced (Abolition of the House of Representatives Election Law).Medium-sized electoral district system.
- 1952/(27)
- The first general election after the enforcement of the Public Offices Election Act (25th House of Representatives general election).San Francisco Peace TreatyJapansovereigntyThe first general election after recovering.Banishment of public officeThere were many who were able to run by canceling.
- 1969/(44)
- Started political broadcasting (television) (32nd House of Representatives general election).
- 1976/(51)
- The Constitution of JapanGeneral election with the dissolution of the first term below. Per fixed allocation maximum disparity of 1972: 33 in the 1rd House of Representatives general election in 4.99Supreme CourtWas judged to be unconstitutional (Maximum Judgment 51/4/14 Minshu Vol. 30, No. 3, p. 223).However,Principle of circumstantial judgmentThe election itself was made effective.
- 1980/(55)
- The first House of Councilors election on the same day (36th House of Representatives general election, 12th House of Councilors regular election).
- 1983/(58)
- 1980年の第36回衆議院議員総選挙の定数配分の最大格差1対3.94につき最高裁が憲法の選挙権の平等の要求に反する程度に至っていたと判断（最大判昭58・11・7民集37巻9号1243頁）。ただし、違憲状態にはあったが法改正によって合理的期間内に是正されなかったとはいえないとして違憲とはしなかった。
- 1985/(60)
- 1983年の第37回衆議院議員総選挙の定数配分の最大格差1対4.40につき最高裁が違憲と判断（最大判昭60・7・17民集39巻5号1100頁）。ただし、事情判決の法理により選挙自体は有効とした。
- 1993/(5)
- 1990年の第39回衆議院議員総選挙の定数配分の最大格差1対3.18につき、最高裁が憲法の選挙権の平等の要求に反する程度に至っていたと判断（最大判平5・1・20民集47巻1号67頁）。ただし、違憲状態にはあったが憲法上要求される合理的期間内に是正されなかったとはいえないとして違憲とはしなかった。初めて｢全都道府県｣が揃って、即日VotingWas done.
- 1994/(6)
- Amendment of the Public Offices Election Act.Single-seat constituency proportional representation(Restricted list type proportional representation system) introduced.
- 1996/(8)
- General election under the revised Public Offices Election Act (1994) (41st House of Representatives general election).
- 1997/(9)
- Amendment of the Public Offices Election Act.Voting time (Absentee ballot(Including) extension, relaxation of absentee ballot requirements.
- 2000/(12)
- Amendment of the Public Offices Election Act.The number of members elected by proportional representation will be reduced from 200 to 180 to a total constant of 480.For the first time, offshore voting, andVoting abroad(However,Proportional representationVoting only) was carried out.General election under the revised Public Offices Election Act (2000) (42nd House of Representatives general election).
- 2003/(15)
- Amendment of the Public Offices Election Act.Early voting systemFounding of.
- 2007/(19)
- Amendment of the Public Offices Election Act.Of the overseas votesConstituencyIt became possible to vote for.
- 2011/(23)
- The Supreme Court was in a state of violating the constitution's requirement for equality of voting value due to the so-called part of the 2009th House of Representatives general election in 45 and the division of elections with a maximum disparity of 1: 2.30. Judged.However, although it was unconstitutional, it was not unconstitutional because it could not be said that it was not corrected within the reasonable period required by the Constitution.
- 2013/(25)
- Amendment of the Public Offices Election Act.The number of single-seat constituencies has been reduced from 300 to 295. It was judged that the Supreme Court had reached a state contrary to the constitution's requirement for equality of voting value due to the maximum disparity of 2012 to 46 in the fixed allocation at the time of the 1th House of Representatives general election in 2.43.However, although it was unconstitutional, it was not unconstitutional because it could not be said that it was not corrected within the reasonable period required by the Constitution.[6].
- 2014/(26)
- at the same time2014 Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly electionWas done.
- 2015/(27)
- Voting ageadultReduced from person to 18 years or older[2].. The Supreme Court ruled that the maximum disparity in fixed allocation during the 2014th House of Representatives general election in 47 was 1: 2.13, which was contrary to the constitution's requirement for equal voting value. Efforts such as the abolition of the one-person quota system and efforts such as 1 increase and 0 decrease were evaluated as "a certain step forward", and the election was held because it was unconstitutional but could not be said to have been corrected within the reasonable period required by the Constitution. The complaint of invalidity was rejected[7].
(Note) Regarding the judgment of the one-vote disparity, in the Supreme Court case
- Presence or absence of significant inequality
- Based on whether or not the state has continued for a considerable period of time, the conclusion is drawn as "unconstitutional state" if it conflicts with 1 and "unconstitutional" if it conflicts with both 1 and 2. , If you take an unconstitutional decision, make a further judgment on the effectiveness of the election[8](About "unconstitutional" and "unconstitutional state" in the proceedings of the number of MPsOne vote disparitySee also).
- 2017/(29)
- Amendment of the Public Offices Election Act.Reduced the number of single-seat constituencies from 295 to 289 and the number of proportional representations from 180 to 176.
- 2021/(3nd year of Reiwa)
- Based on the preliminary figures of the 2020 census by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and CommunicationsAdams methodAs a result of the calculation, it was found that the number of single-seat constituencies increased by 10 and decreased by 10, and the proportional representation increased by 3 and decreased by 3.House of Representatives Elections SectionAnd start deliberations on the ward allocation revision plan.50th House of Representatives general electionExpected to be introduced from[9].
List of general elections for members of the House of Representatives
- Number of seats / rateFor the column, "Rate" (seat occupancy rate) is "the number of seats acquired by the comparative first party" ÷ "constant".
- Voting dayColumns are sorted by month and day instead of year.TimesClick the sort button in the column to return to the original order.
- deficitIs the highest turnout,Blue characterIs the lowest turnout.
| Times | Implementation Cabinet | Voting day | Day | Voter turnout | constant | Dissolution / expiration date | Number of voters | Comparison first party | 議 | Number of seats / rate | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperial Japanese Constitution : Imperial Assembly (1890-1947) Senate:Aristocrat | |||||||||||
| First1 times | Yamagata 1 | 1890/(23th year of Meiji)7/1 | Tuesday | 93.91% | 300 | 450,872 | Constitutional Liberal Party | 130 | 43.33% | Introduced the parliamentary cabinet system.First crowdGeneral election of members of the House of Representatives | |
| First2 times | Matsukata 1 | 1892/(25th year of Meiji)2/15 | Monday | 91.59% | dissolution/1891/(24th year of Meiji)12/25 | 434,594 | 94 | 31.33% | |||
| First3 times | Ito 2 | 1894/(27th year of Meiji)3/1 | Friday | 88.76% | dissolution/1893/(26th year of Meiji)12/30 | 440,113 | 120 | 40.00% | |||
| First4 times | Ito 2 | 1894/(27th year of Meiji)9/1 | Saturday | 84.84% | dissolution/1894/(27th year of Meiji)6/2 | 460,483 | 107 | 35.66% | |||
| First5 times | Ito 3 | 1898/(31th year of Meiji)3/15 | Tuesday | 87.50% | dissolution/1897/(30th year of Meiji)12/25 | 452,637 | 105 | 35.00% | Progressive Party104nd party with 2 seats | ||
| First6 times | Okuma 1 | 1898/(31th year of Meiji)8/10 | Wednesday | 79.91% | dissolution/1898/(31th year of Meiji)6/10 | 502,292 | Kensei Hontō | 124 | 41.33% | ||
| First7 times | Katsura 1 | 1902/(35th year of Meiji)8/10 | Sunday | 88.39% | 376 | Term expired /1902/(35th year of Meiji)8/9 | 982,868 | Constitutional society | 191 | 50.79% | Secret votingIntroduced |
| First8 times | Katsura 1 | 1903/(36th year of Meiji)3/1 | 86.17% | dissolution/1902/(35th year of Meiji)12/28 | 958,322 | 175 | 46.54% | ||||
| First9 times | Katsura 1 | 1904/(37th year of Meiji)3/1 | Tuesday | 86.06% | 379 | dissolution/1903/(36th year of Meiji)12/11 | 762,445 | 133 | 35.09% | ||
| 10 times | Saionji 1 | 1908/(41th year of Meiji)5/15 | Friday | 85.29% | Term expired /1908/(41th year of Meiji)3/27 | 1,590,045 | 187 | 49.34% | According to the provisions of the House of Representatives Election Law, he will be in office until March 24, the closing day of the 3th Imperial Diet. | ||
| 11 times | Saionji 2 | 1912/(45th year of Meiji)5/15 | Wednesday | 89.58% | 381 | Term expired /1912/(45th year of Meiji)5/14 | 1,506,143 | 209 | 54.85% | MeijiAt last | |
| 12 times | Okuma 2 | 1915/(Taisho 4)3/25 | Thursday | 92.13% | dissolution/1914/(Taisho 3)12/25 | 1,546,411 | Constitutional Doshikai | 153 | 40.15% | Taisho最初 | |
| 13 times | Terauchi | 1917/(Taisho 6)4/20 | Friday | 91.92% | dissolution/1917/(Taisho 6)1/25 | 1,422,126 | Constitutional society | 165 | 43.30% | ||
| 14 times | original | 1920/(Taisho 9)5/10 | Monday | 86.73% | 464 | dissolution/1920/(Taisho 9)2/26 | 3,069,148 | 278 | 59.91% | ||
| 15 times | Kiyoura | 1924/(Taisho 13)5/10 | Saturday | 91.18% | dissolution/1924/(Taisho 13)1/31 | 3,288,405 | Constitutional society | 151 | 32.54% | Taisho last | |
| 16 times | Yoshikazu Tanaka | 1928/(3)2/20 | Friday | 80.36% | 466 | dissolution/1928/(3)1/21 | 12,408,678 | Constitutional society | 218 | 46.78% | Showafirst time.Universal suffrage for men started.Constitutional political party216nd party with 2 seats |
| 17 times | Hamaguchi | 1930/(5)2/20 | Thursday | 83.34% | dissolution/1930/(5)1/21 | 12,812,895 | Constitutional political party | 273 | 58.58% | ||
| 18 times | Inuyo | 1932/(7)2/20 | Saturday | 81.68% | dissolution/1932/(7)1/21 | 13,237,841 | Constitutional society | 301 | 64.59% | ||
| 19 times | (I.e. | 1936/(11)2/20 | Thursday | 78.65% | dissolution/1936/(11)1/21 | 14,479,553 | Constitutional political party | 205 | 43.99% | ||
| 20 times | Forest | 1937/(12)4/30 | Friday | 73.31% | dissolution/1937/(12)3/31 | 14,618,298 | 179 | 38.41% | Escape and run away..Rikken Seiyukai has 175 seats and is the second party | ||
| 21 times | Tojo | 1942/(17)4/30 | Thursday | 83.16% | Term expired /1942/(17)4/29 | 14,594,287 | Taisei Tsubasa Council | 381 | 81.75% | Winged election.As a special case, the term of office is extended by one yearExpiration of term | |
| 22 times | Shidehara | 1946/(21)4/10 | Wednesday | 72.08% | dissolution/1945/(20)12/18 | 36,878,420 | Japanese Liberal Party | 141 | 30.25% | Universal suffrage for men and women begins | |
| 23 times | Yoshida 1 | 1947/(22)4/25 | Friday | 67.95% | dissolution/1947/(22)3/31 | 40,907,493 | Japanese Socialist Party | 143 | 30.68% | Katayama CabinetInauguration | |
| The Constitution of Japan : 国会 (1947-Present) Senate:House of Councilors | |||||||||||
| 24 times | Yoshida 2 | 1949/(24)1/23 | Sunday | 74.04% | 466 | dissolution/1948/(23)12/23 | 42,105,300 | Liberal Democratic Party | 264 | 56.65% | Familiarization and dissolution |
| 25 times | Yoshida 3 | 1952/(27)10/1 | Wednesday | 76.43% | dissolution/1952/(27)8/28 | 46,772,584 | Liberal party | 240 | 51.50% | Unannounced dissolution | |
| 26 times | Yoshida 4 | 1953/(28)4/19 | Sunday | 74.22% | dissolution/1953/(28)3/14 | 47,090,167 | Liberal Party Yoshida faction | 199 | 42.70% | Dissolution of Bakayaro | |
| 27 times | Ichiro Hatoyama 1 | 1955/(30)2/27 | 75.84% | 467 | dissolution/1955/(30)1/24 | 49,235,375 | Japan Democratic Party | 185 | 39.61% | Dissolution of heavenly voice | |
| 28 times | Kishi 1 | 1958/(33)5/22 | Thursday | 76.99% | dissolution/1958/(33)4/25 | 52,013,529 | LDP | 287 | 61.45% | Discussion.55 yearsFirst general election | |
| 29 times | Ikeda 1 | 1960/(35)11/20 | Sunday | 73.51% | dissolution/1960/(35)10/24 | 54,312,993 | 296 | 63.38% | |||
| 30 times | Ikeda 2 | 1963/(38)11/21 | Thursday | 71.14% | dissolution/1963/(38)10/23 | 58,281,678 | 283 | 60.59% | |||
| 31 times | Sato 1 | 1967/(42)1/29 | Sunday | 73.99% | 486 | dissolution/1966/(41)12/27 | 62,992,796 | 277 | 56.99% | Black fog dissolved | |
| 32 times | Sato 2 | 1969/(44)12/27 | Saturday | 68.51% | dissolution/1969/(44)12/2 | 69,260,424 | 288 | 59.25% | Okinawa Prefecture on November 1970, 11National affairs participation electionIncreased by | ||
| 33 times | Kakuei Tanaka 1 | 1972/(47)12/10 | Sunday | 71.76% | 491 | dissolution/1972/(47)11/13 | 73,769,636 | 271 | 55.19% | ||
| 34 times | Miki | 1976/(51)12/5 | 73.45% | 511 | Term expired /1976/(51)12/9 | 77,926,588 | 249 | 48.72% | Lockheed Election..General election of members of the House of Representatives (without dissolution) due to the expiration of the first term under the Constitution of Japan | ||
| 35 times | Ohira 1 | 1979/(54)10/7 | 68.01% | dissolution/1979/(54)9/7 | 80,169,924 | 248 | 48.53% | ||||
| 36 times | Ohira 2 | 1980/(55)6/22 | 74.57% | dissolution/1980/(55)5/19 | 80,925,034 | 284 | 55.57% | Disappearing happening.Same day election,Masayoshi OhiraThe prime minister died suddenly | |||
| 37 times | Nakasone 1 | 1983/(58)12/18 | 67.94% | dissolution/1983/(58)11/28 | 84,252,608 | 250 | 48.92% | Dissolution of Tanaka judgment | |||
| 38 times | Nakasone 2 Kai 2 | 1986/(61)7/6 | 71.40% | 512 | dissolution/1986/(61)6/2 | 86,426,845 | 300 | 58.59% | Disguised as dead..Elections on the same day.Showa last | ||
| 39 times | Kaifu 1 | 1990/(2)2/18 | 73.31% | dissolution/1990/(2)1/24 | 90,322,908 | 275 | 53.71% | Heiseifirst time. | |||
| 40 times | Miyazawa Kai | 1993/(5)7/18 | 67.26% | 511 | dissolution/1993/(5)6/18 | 94,477,816 | 223 | 43.63% | Liar dissolution.55 yearsCollapse,Hosokawa CabinetEstablished | ||
| 41 times | Hashimoto 1 | 1996/(8)10/20 | 59.65% | 500 | dissolution/1996/(8)9/27 | 97,680,719 | 239 | 47.80% | From this timeSingle-seat constituency proportional representation | ||
| 42 times | Forest 1 | 2000/(12)6/25 | 62.49% | 480 | dissolution/2000/(12)6/2 | 100,492,328 | 233 | 48.54% | Dissolution of God's Kingdom..Constant reduction of proportional districts | ||
| 43 times | Koizumi 1 break 2 | 2003/(15)11/9 | 59.86% | dissolution/2003/(15)10/10 | 102,306,684 | 237 | 49.37% | ||||
| 44 times | Koizumi 2 breaks | 2005/(17)9/11 | 67.51% | dissolution/2005/(17)8/8 | 103,067,966 | 296 | 61.66% | Postal dissolution | |||
| 45 times | Aso | 2009/(21)8/30 | 69.28% | dissolution/2009/(21)7/21 | 104,057,361 | Democratic Party | 308 | 64.16% | Democratic PartyIn the first partyMinsha United Nations AdministrationbyYukio Hatoyama CabinetEstablished, fell from the first party of the Liberal Democratic Party | ||
| 46 times | Noda Kai 3 | 2012/(24)12/16 | 59.32% | dissolution/2012/(24)11/16 | 103,959,866 | LDP | 294 | 61.25% | Disbanded in the near future.LDPIn the first partySelf-public coalitionbyFirst Abe CabinetEstablished, fall from Democratic Party 1st Party | ||
| 47 times | Abe 2 break | 2014/(26)12/14 | 52.66% | 475 | dissolution/2014/(26)11/21 | 104,067,104 | 291 | 61.26% | Dissolution of Abenomics | ||
| 48 times | Abe 3 breaks 3 | 2017/(29)10/22 | 53.68% | 465 | dissolution/2017/(29)9/28 | 106,091,229 | 284 | 61.08% | Dissolution of the national crisis..The end of Heisei.18 years oldFirst general election of members of the House of Representatives after introduction | ||
| 49 times | Kishida 1 | 2021/(3nd year of Reiwa)10/31 | 55.93% | dissolution/2021/(3nd year of Reiwa)10/14 | 105,622,758 | 261 | 56.12% | Future choice dissolution.Reiwafirst time.The first general election held after the expiration date of the term.Heisei-born Diet member is born | |||
Various records
- Number of candidates with the highest number of candidates in history-- 22nd, 1946 (Showa 21): 2770
- Best everVoter turnout --1st 1890 (Meiji 23): 93.91%
- The lowest turnout ever-47th 2014 (26): 52.66%
Number of wins
- Of personal nameTaiziIs an incumbent member of the Diet.
| Person's name | Winning Number of times | First win | Final winning | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yukio Ozaki | 25 times | First1 times | 25 times | |
| Kensaburo Hara | 20 times | 22 times | 41 times | |
| Yasuhiro Nakasone | 23 times | 42 times | ||
| Takeo Miki | 19 times | 20 times | 38 times | Died during his tenure. |
| Dog breed | 18 times | First1 times | 18 times | Died during his tenure (Fifteen-fifteen incident). |
| Yoshio Sakurauchi | 23 times | 41 times | 24 timesWas rejected. | |
| Ichiro Ozawa | 32 times | 49 times | ||
| Jiro Hoshijima | 17 times | 14 times | 30 times | |
| Masumi Esaki | 22 times | 39 times | 26 timesWas rejected. | |
| Toshio Kawamoto | 24 times | 40 times | ||
| Yamanaka Sadanori | 26 times | 43 times | 39 timesWas rejected. | |
| Kanichi Otake | 16 times | First3 times | 20 times | 6 times,15 timesIs a non-runner. |
| Nikaido Susumu | 22 times | 40 times | 23 times,25 times,26 timesWas rejected. | |
| Kakuei Tanaka | 23 times | 38 times | ||
| Toshiki Kaifu | 29 times | 44 times | ||
| Takeshi Noda | 33 times | 48 times |
footnote
注 釈
- ^ For short"Lower house electionAlso, in Japan, which has a parliamentary cabinet system, when the prime minister is nominated by a parliamentary vote from among the members of the Diet, the parliamentary vote prevails over the upper house.Elective electionAlso called
- ^ Old constitutionBelow, alongside members of the House of LordsImperial Diet member,Current constitutionBelow, alongside members of the House of CouncilorsMember of Parliament.
- ^ Under the Constitution of Japan,49 timesIs the first and only example.
- ^ The House of Lords was organized by members of the Imperial Family, Kazoku, and Chokuninkan (Article 34 of the Japanese Empire Constitution).
- ^ Official decreeArticle 1 "Enforcement of the Great Enforcement"
Source
- ^ Toshiyoshi Miyazawa-Nobuyoshi Abe"The Constitution of Japan", pp. 125-126, Nihon Hyoronsha,1978/
- ^ a b "The revised Public Offices Election Act is enacted for the age of voting rights" 18 years old and over "". 47NEWS(July 2015, 6) 2017/10/14Browse. ※ CurrentlyInternet archiveRemains in
- ^ "Legal votes and confiscation points for deposits”. Toride City. 2021/2/24Browse.
- ^ a b Election types-Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ――The official name of the proportional representation block for members of the House of Representatives is listed on this page.
- ^ General election office work 700 billion yen Don't forget a valuable vote - Tokyo Newspaper・ Dated November 2014, 11 << Retrieved October 22, 2017; Currently remains in the Internet Archive >>
- ^ The 12 House of Representatives election is the Supreme Court with a one-vote disparity in "unconstitutional state" Nihon Keizai Shimbun 2013/11/20
- ^ 14 House of Representatives election, 1 vote disparity is "unconstitutional" Supreme Court Nihon Keizai Shimbun January 2015, 11
- ^ Aki Takiguchi (March 2013, 3). “The legislative decision without grace is“ unconstitutional ”“ valid but unconstitutional ”…”. Sankei Shimbun 2017/10/14Browse. "All 2 pages (→Article 2nd page)" *Currently remains in the Internet archive
- ^ Fixed allocation of House of Representatives single-seat constituencies, "XNUMX increase XNUMX decrease" in XNUMX prefectures ... Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications estimates by Adams method Yomiuri Shimbun 2021/6/25
Related item
- Dissolution of the House of Representatives
- Number of Diet members by political party in Japan
- List of members of the House of Representatives
- House of Councilors ordinary election
- Emergency meeting of the House of Councilors
- Overlapping candidacy system
- Parachute candidate
- 1st ward phenomenon
- Boat match
- Early voting system
- Absentee voting system
- Advance voting
- Advance winning
外部 リンク
- List of general elections for members of the House of Representatives -House of Representatives
- Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications | House of Representatives general election, Supreme Court judge national examination result -Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
