Competition(Kyoto,British: competitionCompetition) is a constantRulesCompeting for superiority or inferiority^[1]..In Japanese, the English katakana expression ""コ ン ペ テ ィ シ ョ ンIs also used, and rather the abbreviation "" is used on a daily basis.competitionIs often used.

Overview

Competition is to compete for superiority or inferiority of some technique while following certain rules.

The content of the competition is various and there is no limit.For example, some skill, physical ability, and so on.Daijisen cites expressions such as "athletics" and "Chinese Zhusuan".A person who competes in a competition is called an athlete.

There are various taxonomies in competition. For example, there is a method of classifying into "individual competition" in which individuals compete for superiority and "group competition" in which superiority and inferiority of groups compete. There is also a method of dividing indoors/outdoors into “indoor sports” and “outdoor sports”. There is also a method of classifying by the age of the competitor, such as "youth competition" or "senior competition".

In addition, in the literature in the field of play and recreation, "competition for superiority and inferiority of skill"game(Game) ”^[2]However, in fields where professionalization has progressed, participants may spend their professional life and income from the competition, so the competition in such cases is "play". In many cases, the atmosphere is far from that.

Competition

A meeting or gathering for a competition is called a competition.People who like foreign words say "competition".

The competition may be planned by some organizer, in which case the dates are decided in advance, the participants (athletes, referees, operators, etc.) are notified in advance, and the people gather on the scheduled day.

When the scale is large or there are many disciplines, it is also called "competition", "competition" or "championship". Many are certified by associations and competition management organizations in the field. Rule violation (=Foul play) Is performed, "DisqualificationIn some cases, it may be judged that the player has left the field and will be suspended from that point onwards.

It may be classified into "final round" and "preliminary round (preliminary round)" (competition for selecting participants in the final round).

Competitions (competitions) can also be classified as follows according to the size of the area.

• World competitions held on a global scale (World championship）
• Tournaments held in specific regions and cultural areas (regional tournaments, ~ area tournaments.Regional Championship..European Championships, Asian Championships,Asian Games,East Asian Games,Portuguese-speaking GamesSuch)
• Tournaments held only in one country (US tournament, German tournament, Russia tournament, Japan tournament, etc.Japan Championship,National championshipNames such as "National Tournament")
• What is held in a specific area of ​​the country and is called a "local competition" in that country

If the competition is canceled for any reason, the athletes / teams that have been decided to participate and the area that was selected as the venue will be rescued, the athletes / teams that will participate in the higher competitions will be decided, and the scheduled competition will be held. In some cases, "alternative competitions" that are smaller than the planned competitions may be held for the purpose of utilizing new or expanded facilities for the competition.

Examples of competitions and competitions

motion

As an internationally governing body for each sportInternational FederationThere are (International Sports Federations, ISFs).Exclusively in JapanSportsIs familiar with the name.

• Athletics
• Gymnastics
• Swimming competition(Small competitions are also held at each junior high school and high school. As a world famous competition,World swimming championship,Olympic swimming competition　And so on. )
• サ ッ カ ー(World ChampionshipsFIFA World CupSuch)
• cricket(World ChampionshipsCricket world cupSuch)
• rugby(World ChampionshipsRugby World CupSuch)
• Boat competition
• SailingCompetitions (yacht associations around the world andMarinaThere are a large number of events including sponsorships. Famous competitionsAmerica's Cup,Vendée GlobeSuch)
• TennisCompetitions (competitions are held innumerably in local communities and schools. The world-famous onesen: ATP World Tour）
• GolfCompetitions (competitions are almost innumerable, and in small ones, they are often held casually by a few friends and acquaintances. Often, the expression "golf competition" is chosen. Especially famous competitionsBritish Amateur Golf Championship,National Amateur Golf Championship,British Open,US Open）
• Equestrian competition
• Bicycle competition(There are so many competitions around the world.Road raceIn the world famousTour de France,Giro de ItalySuch)
• Sports climbing(Compete on artificial walls based on strict rules.International Federation of Sport Climbing(IFSC).There are 3 types of lead, bouldering, and speed)
• Dance competition (Competitive dance）

* The above are just a few of the athletic competitions.It is safe to say that there are as many competitions as there are types of exercises, tools and rules.

Olympics and Paralympics

At the Olympics and Paralympics, multiple types (events) of competition are held.

• Ancient olympic(A competition held once every four years in Olympia, ancient Greece)
• Modern olympic(In the 19th century, it was held as a celebration of peace at the behest of Baron Cubertin of France.Summer olympicとWinter OlympicsIt was divided into.Each is held once every four years. )
• Paralympic(World competition of sports for the disabled)

Other,World championship,Disabled sportsExplains the global competitions of various sports.

Board games, card games

• チ ェ ス(World Chess FederationThe number of registered athletes in the (FIDE) database is about 36.^[When?].World chess championship,All Japan Chess Championship And so on)
• Go(World Amateur Go Championship,World Go Championship Fujitsu Cup Such)
• Backgammon(The tournament is called Backgammon (World) Championship in English. In Japanese, it is called "Backgammon Championship".en: List_of_World_Backgammon_champions）
• Othello(Reversi) (Othello championship etc.)
• poker(en: World Series of Poker　And so on)

There are as many competitions and competitions as there are board games.

video game

The earliest large-scale video game competition was hosted by Atari in 1980.Space invadersThere was a competition "Space Invaders Championship" in Japan, and more than 1 people from all over the United States participated.^[3].

As a game in which large-scale competitions are held in the world in recent yearsen: Dota,League of Legends,Counter-Strike,Call of Dutyand so on.

• League of Legends(Competitions are held all over the world,League of Legends # Tournament(Explanation in)
• call of Duty(As a competition(English edition）Such)
• Street fighter (game)..The tournament started in 2013Capcom cupSuch.There are many small and medium-sized ones.
• Super Smash Bros. Series.. As a competition(English edition）Many such as those described in.

And so on.

Skills / functions

Math,programming

• Math(RenaissanceCompetitions were held in Italy during the period. Even in modern timesInternational Math OlympicsThere are many, etc.Math competitionCan be referred to)
• programming(Competitive programming..As a competition (English edition）,(English edition）,(English edition）Such)

Calculation

• Abacus(Abacus competition)
• plot(Mental arithmetic competition)
• calculator(All Japan Calculator CompetitionSuch)

Practical system

• computeroperating(National PC Skills CompetitionSuch)
• bookkeeping(National university competition bookkeeping competitionSuch)

• MechanicalMechanicAs an example of a competition for craftsmen and craftsmen,Car maintenance), (clock OfRepair)Such.As an example of the tournamentInternational skill competition,International Skills Competition for Persons with Disabilities,All Japan Automobile Maintenance Skills Competition, (JOW ・ JAPAN) etc.

Competition for choosing a building designer

• Design competition (A system in which a large number of designers are given rules and the same conditions to compete in design skills and the designs of excellent people are adopted in actual construction / construction): In various industrial fields other than architecture / design Is being doneAdvance Your CareerupperCustom.

Related item

• Articles including "Competition"
• List of sports competitions
• Math competition
• Robot competition
• match
• Championship
• Contests
• Contest
• Technology,accomplishments,skill
• Ball skills

footnote

1. ^ Daijisen
2. ^ Encyclopedia of Play Supervised by Japan Recreation Association Tokyo Book 1989 p.56
3. ^ Phoneia, Space Invaders championship organized by Atari in 1980