Low pollution vehicle(Let's go)Air pollutionmaterial(Nitrogen oxideandCarbon monoxide-carbon dioxideEtc.),natural environmentLess load onAutomobile. The popular name isEco car (eco car).

2020/Current,Electric car,Hybrid car-Plug-in hybrid vehicle,Natural gas car,Hydrogen car,Fuel cell car,Clean diesel carな ど^[1]Is in the practical stage^[2],othersMethanol car^[3]And so on.

JapanSo, the cars that have been certified as low-emission vehiclesTax systemBenefits such as preferential treatment are provided.

Overview

in Japan,Ministry of the Environment-Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism-Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry3MinistryIn the narrow sense, the term "low-emission vehicle"Electric car,Methanol car,Compressed natural gas (CNG) automobiles,Compressed air caras well as the Hybrid carOf these, four types excluding compressed air cars.In addition to basically low pollution performanceoilSubstitutability (Alternative fuel,New energy,再生 可能 エネルギー) Is required.

またJapanese govermentIn addition to these, in the "Low Pollution Vehicle Promotion Plan" ofLow emission certificationAnd lowFuel efficiencyIn the concept of a clean energy car, including "car"LPG carOut ofTrackWith freight carsbus-Special carIn addition, "diesel alternative LPG vehicles" have been added, and low-emission gasoline vehicles have been excluded.Also"Act on Promotion of Development and Introduction of Non-Fossil Energy, While the methanol vehicle, which already has only a few dozen, is still one of the "four low-emission vehicles".CNG vehicleThere is almost no difference in exhaust gas performanceLPG carIs excluded orFuel cell carIs not considered a low-emission vehicle.Also existinggasoline-Light oil OfLiquid fuelOf the vehicles that use, the concept is not organized because it is a low-emission vehicle with exhaust gas performance.

As an alternative fuel vehicle outside JapanElectrical,methanolEtc.alcoholsystem,Natural gas-LP gas-hydrogen-DME OfGas systemAs for low exhaust gas performance, it is the mainstream to "clear a certain level regardless of fuel".

Purchase subsidy system

An increasing number of countries are subsidizing the purchase of low-emission vehicles to promote the spread of low-emission vehicles for economic and environmental measures.

Japan alsoBubble economySince the collapse of the company, new car sales have been declining, and the domestic performance of each automobile manufacturer has been deteriorating.In addition, due to the growing awareness of environmental protection in recent years, the emission of greenhouse gases and harmful substances has been reduced, and finite energy has been achieved.Energy savingHas come to be required.Therefore, for economic measures, the government has developed various subsidy systems in conjunction with environmental measures, and has launched various preferential systems by replacement by purchase.

• Green tax system-For automobiles that have been registered for 13 years (11 years for diesel)Automobile taxAdd 10% (2014/Revised to 15%).
• Low emission vehicle certification system
  • Eco-car tax reduction
• Subsidy system for replacement / purchase with environmentally friendly vehicles- Eco-car tax reduction,Scrap incentivesSee.

Main types of low-emission vehicles

• As a power sourceInternal combustion engineWhat uses
  • For fuelAlternative energyWhat uses
    • methanolCar ... as something similarethanolAutomobile
    • Compressed natural gas vehicle… Also called a CNG vehicle
    • LPG car...Liquefied natural gasAlso called LPG car, LP gas car, propane car using (LP gas) as fuel
    • Hydrogen car...hydrogenFuel
    • DMEAutomobile…Dimethyl etherAlso called a car
  • For fuelgasoline or Light oilWhat uses
    • Low emission vehicle...Modified carOnly mass-produced vehicles (model vehicles) that are not are eligible for certification
    • Ultra-low PM emission diesel vehicle
    • Super clean diesel car
  • Combined use of gasoline or light oil and alternative energy
    • Bi-fuelAutomobile
• As a power sourceInternal combustion engineとElectric motorThose that also use auxiliary power such as
  • Hybrid car

Among low-emission vehicles, vehicles with particularly high emission low-emission properties (cars) may be referred to as ultra-low-emission vehicles.Ultra-low pollutionTransport equipment (vehicle) is collectively called ULEV (ultralow-emission vehicle).In addition, a vehicle at a level close to that of a non-polluting vehicle may be referred to as an extremely low-emission vehicle.SULEV (Super ultra low-emission vehicle) is a general term for transportation equipment with extremely low pollution.

Zero-emission vehicle (non-polluting vehicle)

Vehicles with zero emissions, such as electric vehicles, are called zero-emission vehicles (non-emission vehicles, ZEVs).

• As a power sourcemotorWhat uses
  • Electric car
  • Fuel cell car
• As a power sourceAir engineWhat uses
  • Compressed air car

Low-emission vehicles and zero-emission vehicles under research and development

• DME car
• Liquefied natural gasAutomobile
• gas turbineAutomobile
• Stirling engineAutomobile
• Solar cell car(Solar car）

Limitation of "low pollution" and "non-pollution"

The "low pollution" and "free pollution" of a low-emission vehicle or a non-polluting vehicle refer to "low-pollution / non-pollution" with respect to the limited environment in which the vehicle travels.Even for low-emission and non-emission vehicles, the process of new manufacturing and disposal (Scrapped car) In the process ofGreenhouse gas,Air pollutionThe substance is discharged.Many rare metals such as lithium for storage batteries are used in hybrid cars and electric vehicles, and it is not always ecological when considering their manufacturing costs.^[4].

In addition, hybrid cars are about 30 yen more expensive than gasoline cars.^[5]There is also a view that it is not economical unless the gasoline price becomes abnormally high.^[6][7].

In addition, low pollution performance may not be exhibited even if the usage environment and vehicle characteristics do not match.For example, a hybrid car runs in an urban area due to its characteristics of using a motor at low speed and an engine at high speed.Transit Bus,TaxiIts characteristics are exhibited in a driving environment where the vehicle runs at low speed and has many accelerations and decelerations.But mainlyhighwayTo runExpress Bus,Sightseeing busBut with an emphasis on environmental performancePlateau Of(I.e.EtcHybrid busMay be adopted (as an example)Tochigi,Alpico Transportation OfHinoHIMRSuch).

In other words, if you look at the whole process from vehicle manufacturing to use and scrapping, it may not be said to be low pollution.^[8].

footnote

Related item

• Low emission vehicle certification system
• Car emission regulations
  • Act on Special Measures for Reduction of Total Amount of Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate Matter Emitted from Vehicles in Specific Area(Automotive NOx / PM method)
  • Diesel vehicle regulation regulations
• Act on Promotion of Development and Introduction of Non-Fossil Energy
• Eco station - Natural gas carFuel filling facilities such as
• Air Purification Law
• MAGIC engine --MAGIC is an abbreviation for "MAGnesium Injection Cycle".Tokyo Institute of TechnologyIt was jointly developed by Professor Yabe and Professor Ikuta of Japan and a precision processing manufacturer.Reference HP
• (English: Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell） --American engineer.Water was electrolyzed and taken outOxyhydrogenI ran the car engine. 100LI succeeded in driving my car from the west coast to the east coast of the United States with the water.

外部 リンク

• Low-emission vehicle policy and its problems (pdf can be viewed in the database of National Institute of Informatics CiNii)
• Low-emission vehicle policy and its problems (II) (pdf can be viewed in the database of National Institute of Informatics CiNii)