Nansei Islands(What is it)KyusyuFrom the south of the islandTaiwanLocated northeastislandsIs a group^{[6][11][12][13]}.

From north to south,Osumi Islands,Vassal archipelago,Amami archipelago,Okinawa Islands,Miyako Islands,Yaeyama IslandsIn the east of the Okinawa IslandsDaito IslandsAway north of the Yaeyama Islands尖 閣 諸島There is.

Name and scope

The name "Nansei Islands" isJapan Coast GuardIs the predecessor ofWaterwayIs central to 1887The place name was given around (Meiji 20) and issued the following yearChart"Ishigaki Anchorage Japan, Nansei Islands, Ishigaki Island"^[14]Is first listed in^[11][15]. 1894(27th year of Meiji) Used in earnest from nautical charts after "Japan Hydrographic Magazine"^[11],AlsoGeographical Survey InstituteOne of the predecessors of the Japanese Army Land Survey Department 1937It is also listed on the land map issued in (Showa 12)^[16].. However, because the name "Nansei Islands" was used by a limited organization such as the waterway,Pacific WarWas never publicly known until^[11].Okinawa under US military ruleHowever, only a small part of the official document mentions "Southwest Islands", and laterReturn to JapanThere are almost no use cases in Okinawa Prefecture^[11].

"Nansei Islands" is used in the current Geographical Survey Institute local maps and the Coast Guard hydrographic magazine^[17]. this is 196510/25In the 4th "Communication Council on Unification of Place Names", an agreement was reached to use the "Nansei Islands"^[18][19], Used as the official name in the geographical maps of the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan and the maritime information department published by the Japan Coast Guard^[12].

The following names have also been agreed at the "Communication Council on Unification of Place Names".

Place name decided by "Communication Council on Unification of Place Names"

• October 1965, 10 (25th meeting)^[18] -"Southwest Islands"^[19]
• 19712/5(17th)-"Senkaku Islands", "Daito Islands"^[18]
• 20102/15(72nd)-"Amami archipelago"^[20]
• 20115/26(73rd)-"Ryukyu Islands"^[21]

*The Satsunan Islands are on hold at the 65th "Communication Council on Unification of Place Names"^[23].

Other designations for the Nansei Islands

The following names are sometimes used for the Nansei Islands.

• Ryukyu Islands(Ryukyu Retto)

Ryukyu TrenchとOkinawa TroughFormed betweenAnticlinePart of the archipelago (arc-shaped archipelago), which has an arc shape,East China Sea Ofcontinental shelfWith the Senkaku Islands located aboveThe Pacific OceanExcluding the Daito Islands existing on the deep sea floor^[6][12][13]. 1907Issued in (Meiji 40)GeologyWakimizu Tetsugoro's book "Okinawa Visits"^[24]Found in^[25].. Apart from the above, the Ryukyu Islands are the islands that make up the entire Okinawa Prefecture, and are explained synonymously with the Ryukyu Islands.^[26][27]There is also.

• Ryukyu Islands(Ryukyu Shoto)

It is an administrative name like the Nansei Islands and is not commonly used.Edo PeriodMid-termArai ShiroishiEven in the Meiji era, the Ryukyu Islands had been pointing to the area south of the Amami archipelago, beginning with "Minamijima-shi" written by. Even during the postwar US military rule period in Okinawa, the U.S. forces may have named the south of the Amami Islands the Ryukyu Islands until the Amami Islands returned to Japan. After the return of Amami, the area of ​​the Ryukyu Islands began to show the entire Okinawa prefecture, which had not been restored to the mainland.^[28].. However, the "Communication Council on Unification of Place Names" agreed on the entire Okinawa prefecture except the Daito Islands.^[21].. In addition, the islands of the Ryukyu Islands that belong to Okinawa Prefecture, that is, the Okinawa Islands and the Sakishima Islands, are included, and Daito and Senkaku Islands are not included Article^[6][12]There is also. The Geographical Survey Office, one of the predecessors of the Geographical Survey Institute, 1958This name has been used for maps published by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan since it was used in land maps issued after (Showa 33).^[16].

• South Island(What!)

It is a word that refers to the islands south of Kyushu and has been around since ancient times.Japanese calligraphy], there is a record of having interacted with the South Islanders^[29].. Before the name of the Nansei Islands was used, 1873(6th year of Meiji) You can also check it in the "Minamijima Hydrographic Magazine".^[11].. Although it is not an administrative or academic name,Folklore-cultureMostly seen in research materials^[29].

In addition, the names that are almost synonymous with "Nansei Islands" and not used are listed below.

• Southern Islands(Shutansho)

Before the name "Nansei Islands" was bornMinistry of NavyNamed and nineState OfsouthIt is believed that the islands were named after the islands located in. 1886It can be seen in the Hydrographic magazine published in (Meiji 19), but it has not been used in the Hydrographic magazine in 1894 (Meiji 27) after the name was changed to the Nansei Islands. 1885When the Daito Islands were transferred to Japan in (18th year of Meiji), it is thought that this name was not suitable, probably because it is located a little further than the south of Kyushu.^[30][31].

• Hainan Islands(Kaitansho)

1887Around (Meiji 20)Tashiro stableWas named by. After that, Tashiro continued to be used for about 30 years, but from the middle, it was treated as a synonym with the Southern Islands and used together.Kunio YanagitaThe name was mentioned in a part of the book, but it did not become popular^[32][33].

Geological/topographic classification

"Nansei Islands"公共 機関Is the administrative name decided byGeography-Earth scienceIs not a term used in^[6][11].

From a geological and topographical perspective, in 1885Heinrich Edmund NaumannOn the geological map ofLiukiu BogenCan be seen^[17].

• Ryukyu arc(Ryukyu)

Almost synonymous with the Ryukyu Islands, but strictly forms the Japanese IslandsIsland arcOne of theKyusyuIs located at the junction of the Southwestern Japan arc and the Ryukyu arc^[34][35].. In addition to the Ryukyu Islands and Kyushu, the Ryukyu ArcTaiwanAlso includes^[6][36].. Unlike the administrative name of the Nansei Islands, the Ryukyu Arc is an academic term in geography and earth sciences.^[36].1870 eraToHeinrich Edmund Naumann,Toyokichi HaradaNamedGerman " Liukiu Bogen It was a word that translated "and existed before the names of the Nansei Islands and the Ryukyu Islands were established.^[36].

• Ryukyu(Ryukyuwan)

Synonymous with Ryukyu Arc in the late Meiji eraRyukyuThe term (Ryukyuwan) also appeared, but it was hardly used after the war.^[37].

Geologically and topographically, it is divided into the Tokara structure strait (between Sekiishijima and Takarajima) and the Kerama Kaiseki (between Okinawajima and Miyakojima), which is a geological depression, and is divided into Tohoku Ryukyu, Chubu Ryukyu, and Southwest. It is divided into three areas such as Ryukyu, North Ryukyu, Middle Ryukyu, and South Ryukyu.^[17].

Topographical overview of each island

Of the Nansei Islands, excluding the Senkaku and Daito Islands, the Ryukyu IslandsRyukyu TrenchとOkinawa TroughLocated between and^[38].. In addition, there are two tectonic lines that divide the Ryukyu Islands between the bad stone islands of the Tokara Islands and Kotakara Island, Okinawa Island and Miyako Island. The former is the Tokara Structure Strait (this strait isBiogeographic area OfOld Kita WardとToyo WardIt is one of the boundaries of the area, and is called the Watase line), and the latter is called the Kerama Kaifuku (Miyako depression).^[39][40].. The Ryukyu Arc is from the north of these tectonic lines,North Ryukyu(Osumi Islands etc.),Ryukyu(Amami archipelago, Okinawa Islands, etc.),South Ryukyu(Miyako/Yaeyama Islands)^[41][42].

Osumi Islands

Osumi IslandsIs located in the north of the Nansei Islands,Yakushima-Tanegashima-Kuchinoerabu Island-Mage IslandIt consists of four islands, but in the broad senseMishima villageIslands belonging to (Kami MishimaAlso known as Kuchino Mishima^[43]) Is also included^[44].. In western Tanegashima, eastern Yakushima, etc.Coral reefAre small but well developed and are considered to be the northernmost coral reefs in the Nansei Islands^[45].

The highest peak in KyushuMiyanoura TakeYakushima, which hasMioceneCaused by the subsidence of the Shikoku BasingraniteBut,UpheavalとErosionIn response to this, it seems that it formed a high and steep mountain range. A steep slope over several hundred meters appears near the coast, but the slope becomes gentler toward the center of the island. The top of the mountain has a tore terrain where the bedrock is exposed. This is a long timeweatheringAndIce ageHappened toPeriglacial actionIt is thought to be due to. 4 or 5 steps on the southern and eastern coastsCoastal terraceIs developing.PleistoceneIt is thought that terraces were formed in the area, but in a very low place several meters above sea level.HoloceneYou can see the terraces of the times^[46][47].

Tanegashima is a low-lying plateau island, as opposed to Yakushima, which has a steep topography. Tanegashima is an island that rises from the bottom of the sea, with coastal terraces generally developed. Especially on the northwest coast of the island, many coastal terraces are found, but on the southeastern terrace terrain is eroded,Drowning valleyStands out. This is because the northern part of the island is mainly composed of firm alternating layers of sandstone and slate, and the southern part is composed of soft geology such as conglomerate and mudstone. Also, the whole islandTephraIt is thought that the pyroclastic flow deposit called ``spread'' spread in the Holocene and had a great influence on the above-ground flora and fauna.^[46][48].

Kuchinoerabujima and KamimishimaMount AsoFrom south to southKirishima volcanic beltBelong to. AlsoIwo JimaとTakeshima TheOnikai CalderaIt forms part of the outer ring of the mountain, and most of the caldera is sunk on the seabed. It is an elliptical caldera with a diameter of about 20 km and the maximum depth is 500 m. Large in the pastPyroclastic flowAt least four eruptions accompanied by the occurrence of eruptions occurred, and the latest eruption was about 4 years ago. These pyroclastic flows are located on the east side of Yakushima and Tanegashima, and also on Kyushu.Osumi-Satsuma PeninsulaExtended to It has two volcanic bodies in the east and west of Kuchinoerabujima. Eruption activity of Shindake, which is located in the eastern part, is particularly active and has been erupting many times since the prehistoric times. 1933Of the village that existed at the foot of the eastern side has disappeared due to the eruption of^[49][50].

Vassal archipelago

Vassal archipelagoIs Kagoshima prefectureToshima VillageIs a group of islands belonging to^[51][52].. The total length of about 320 km,Volcanic islandLine up^[53].. It is included in the Kirishima volcanic zone, of which Ioshima and Takeshima pass through the Tokara Islands,Iwo TorishimaIs called Tokara Volcanic Islands^[54].. The Tokara Islands are a series of new volcanic islands formed in the Quaternary.TertiaryIs roughly divided into old volcanic islands that erupted in Japan and did not retain the original volcanic landform^[55].. The old volcanic islands are located on the continent side of the new volcanic islands^[56].

Old volcanic columnsAndesiteConsists of quality volcanic islands, some of whichTreasure island-Small treasure islandThere are also islands with developed topography derived from coral reefs.Woja Island,HirashimaThere are steep and steep cliffs that surround a part of the island, and there are places with flat and gentle slopes. Also, Takarajima and Kotakarajima occurred about 2,500 years ago.big earthquakeIt was found that the Takarajima had risen about 3m and Kotakarajima up to 8m. There are many factors such as the active Kirishima volcanic belt, the Tokara structure strait, and the expansion of the Okinawa Trough.^[56][57].

The volcanic islands belonging to the new series of volcanoes form a mountainous body from the bottom of the sea about 500 m below sea level and have Mt.NakanoshimaHas a specific height of about 1,500 m from the seabed.KuchinoshimaIs in two placescalderaThere are three central craters in the relatively newly formed caldera. This caldera is located in the southeastern part of the island, has an elliptical shape with a long diameter of 3 km, and retains the original shape of the outer ring. The central crater hills are all lava domes, and fumarolic activity can be seen on one of them, Moedake.Suwa Nose IslandOf the Kirishima volcanic beltSakurajimaWith it, very active volcanic activity. At least 200 eruptions have been observed in the last 8 years,Scoriaと溶岩Is ejected in large quantities. 1813Around (culture(A year), scoria was deposited in the settlements with a thickness of 50 cm or more, and the residents at that time were forced to evacuate from the island.^[58].

Amami archipelago

Amami archipelagoIs a group of islands located in the north-central part of the Nansei Islands and extending from the northernmost part of Amami Oshima to the southern end of Yoron Island for about 200 km.^[59][60].. The land map issued by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan has long been written as "Amami Islands", 20102/15"Amami archipelago" was adopted as the place name at the 72nd "Communication Council on Unification of Place Names"^[20].

Has the largest area in the Amami archipelagoAmami OshimaIt is,Paleozoic OfJurassicからCretaceousThe basement rocks that have been formed over the period are exposed. Most of them form steep mountain topography due to erosion, but they have a flat topography near an altitude of 300 m, and the topography of the southwestern part of the island (elevation of about 300 m to 450 m) is a ridge-like topography with little relief. Can be confirmed. They areQuasi-plainIt is said to be a small erosion surface, and a semi-plain is formed on some of the Nansei Islands. The coastline of the island has a complicated structureRias coastAnd, there are modern coral reefs on the surrounding coast. The Kasari Peninsula in the northeastern part of the island is different from the topography of the main part of Amami Oshima mentioned above. Coastal terraces are widely distributed and consist of marine sediments about 40m thick^[61][62][63].

Kikai IslandIs formed by coral reef terraces. You can see four coral reef terraces formed along the island's coastline, and the altitude of this terrace becomes lower toward the northwest. Kikaijima, located in the eastern part of the Amami archipelago, is closest to the trench side,Philippine Sea PlateThe upheaval is intense due to the subduction of. In fact, the rising speed of Kikaijima is the highest in the Ryukyu Islands, and it has risen more than 7 m in about 10 years. The uplifting motion on this island is considered to be due to crustal movement due to a large earthquake^[64][65].

Tokunoshima TheIgneous rockMainly on the base, the altitude of the highest peak of the island, Inogawadake, reaches 645m. For itOkinoerabujima-Yoron IslandThe whole is formed by terraces of raised coral reef, the highest altitude is relatively low at about 200 m, and the river is not well developed.^[59][66].

Okinawa Islands

Okinawa IslandsIs a group of islands located in the central part of the Nansei Islands, and consists of Okinawa Island (Okinawa main island), which has the largest area in the Nansei Islands, and the neighboring remote islands, the Kerama Islands and Kume Island. As an administrative division, the Daito Islands are generally included in the Okinawa Islands.^[68][69].

It is the main island of the Okinawa IslandsOkinawa IslandIs due to the geological structure,Uruma City石川It has different topography and geology in the north and south, based on the boundary (Ishikawa Gorge) that connects the area from to Zanba Cape.Motobu PeninsulaThe northern part of the island exceptCretaceousType of metamorphic rocks formed inPhylliteOccupy in the Nago layer mainly composed of. However, as seen from the northern part of the island, the southeast side (NagoFrom the eastKin Town) IssandstoneKayo Formation of accretionary prism, large depending on locationFoldYou can observe the strata formed. With the Motobu PeninsulaIheya Island-Izena IslandTo the southeast, of which the Kayo Formation isAdductIt is the most recently formed basement around the northern part of Okinawa Island that has a structure^[70][71].

Motobu PeninsulaIs mainly of the late PaleozoicCrystalline limestoneとchart,MudstoneConsists of.KarstThe terrain is well developed, and there are many erosion depressions known as conical karsts and polies that are unique to the tropics. The top of the mountain, which is located about 400m above sea level, located in the center of the peninsula has a gentle undulation and the elevation decreases toward the west. Located west of the Motobu PeninsulaIe IslandIs a flat terrain entirely covered with Quaternary limestone. However, Paleozoic charts project to the east of the islandShiroyama(Ie Island Tachu) rises from between the permeable limestone and impermeable chartsspringAppears^[72][73][74].

Unlike the geology of the northern part of Okinawa Island, it originates from coral reefs.QuaternaryLimestone (Ryukyu limestone)When,NeogeneIt is composed of the Shimajiri Group dominated by the mudstones and sandstones. In contrast to the mountainous northern region, the central and southern regions consist of plateaus and lowlands,RiverIs less developed than the north. South island has northwest-southeast strikeFaultThere are a lot of them, but they are formed before the Ryukyu limestone is deposited. Since the weathering rate of the Shimajiri mudstone layer is higher than that of mainland Japan, there are wide basin valleys and water-soluble sandstone layers.Natural gasIt is distributed over the southern part of the country. Located in the southeastern part of the islandNakagusuku BayIs the eastern part of Okinawa Island on the west side of the plain where the land mass collapsed in the past and spreads along the coast.watershedAre thought to have been formed^[75][76][77].

Iheya/IzenajimaConsists of chert and sandstone, no limestone^[78].. On the mountain-winning islands,Iheya IslandIs the largest in the Ryukyu IslandsAlluvial plainOne of^[79].Kerama IslandsAre also mountainous islands, but with sandstoneMetamorphic rocksIt consists of (green schist and phyllite). Phyllites are distributed throughout the Kerama Islands, but green schists haveCopper oreProducedKuba IslandとYakabi IslandSeen in^[80].KumejimaThe northern part is composed of Tertiary volcanic rocks and reaches an altitude of more than 300m, while the southern part is predominantly Ryukyu limestone and forms a flat land.^[81][82].. Remains of mines remain in various parts of KumejimaFriWas mined^[82].. Also on the east coast of Kume IslandOujimaCalled tatami stoneAndesite OfColumnar jointIs formed^[83].

Located in the northernmost part of Okinawa PrefectureIwo TorishimaIs the only one in this prefectureactive volcanoOn the island^{[Note 2]}, Considered to be the southernmost part of the Kirishima Volcanic Zone. It has two volcanic bodies, Mt. Iou and Mt. Gusuku, and a crater lake is formed at Mt. Continuing volcanic activity for tens of thousands of years,sulfurThe fumes including are raised. 1959After evacuating islanders to Kumejima, it has become an uninhabited island^[84][85].

Miyako Islands

Miyako Islands(Miyako Islands) is located about 300 km southwest of Okinawa Island, and there is a depression called Kerama Kaifuku (Miyako Depression) with a depth of about 1,000 m. Most of the geology of the islands consists of Ryukyu limestone, with the sandstone and mudstone Shimajiri layer as the base. The terrain is a flat lowland without mountains, and the highest elevation of this island is 115m of Miyakojima.^[86][87].

Main island of the main islandsMiyakojimaIs a plateau island with sea cliffs on the northeast or south coast, but sandy beaches on the west coast^[88].. Faults developed along the northeast coastlineKesta TerrainForming^[89]It is also said that Miyakojima took a triangular shape due to this fault^[86].. There are no rivers and residents flow between the limestone and Shimajiri strata.groundwaterI have to rely on spring water (→Miyakojima water supply See). 1979First in the world on MiyakojimaUnderground damWas constructed and several underground dams are now complete. But sprayed on farmlandPesticideInfiltrate underground, thereby dams and groundwaterWater pollutionIs a problem^[90].. On the sea about 15km north of MiyakojimaYaedoseForm a group of coral reefs^[87].

Irabu IslandとTarama IslandAll covered with Ryukyu limestone^[89], Irabu Island has a karst terrain^[91], Tarama Island is formed by coastal terraces^[92].

Yaeyama Islands

Yaeyama Islands(Yaeyama Islands) is located in the southernmost part of the Nansei Islands, and has Yonaguni Island at the westernmost end of Japan and Hateruma Island at the southernmost end of Japan as a man-made island, and also administratively includes the Senkaku Islands.^[93].

The geology of Ishigaki Island differs from north to south, and in the mountainous northern part, it is composed of late Paleozoic metamorphic rocks (Tomuru Formation), chert and sandstone complex (Tomisaki Formation) and volcanic rock-derived Nosoko Formation. Also the highest peak in OkinawaMt Odode(Elevation 526m) consists of volcanic complex rocks centered on granite, and is thought to have been formed during the Miocene. The Tomul Formation is the oldest formation in the Yaeyama Islands and is considered to be an accretionary complex of marine sediments. Southern part is called Miyara formationEoceneIs mainly limestone,ForaminiferaContains a lot^[92][94].

Iriomote Island is a mountainous island with steep cliffs on the south coast. The mountaintops above 300 m above sea level are gently undulating due to erosion and form a quasi plain. The coastline of the western part of the island is intricate and complex, forming a rias coast^[93].. The entire Iriomote IslandMioceneIt is composed of the Yaeyama Group of sandstone and mudstone formed in, and the Tomuru Formation is found in the northeast. Also, the Yaeyama formationcoalBefore the war, including the layers, a coal mine was developed in the western part of the island, 1960Was mining up to^[95].. It is the longest river in the prefectureUrauchi RiverAnd at the mouth of the Nakama RiverTriangle river(Estuary) has developed,mangroveThe forest is clustered^[96][97].

The Ryukyu limestone that is widely distributed in the Ryukyu IslandsHateruma IslandとKuroshima,Yonaguni IslandPresent in the northern part, not developed on Ishigaki Island and Iriomote Island^[98].. Hateruma Island and Kuroshima Island are islands formed by coral reef terraces, but since Yonaguni Island is close to the Okinawa Trough, small-scale faults are caused by it.Tilting blockThere are many. In the waters of Ishigaki Island and Iriomote IslandSekisei Lagoonと 呼 ば れ るBarrier reefAre formed. In the Ryukyu IslandsFoot reefThere are many lakes, but the water depth of Sekisei Lagoon is a little deep, about 10m.^[99].

192410/31, From the northeastern sea of ​​Iriomote IslandpumiceとScoriaErupted. Temporarily fill the coast and harbor of the Yaeyama Islands and spend a yearHokkaido OfRebun IslandThere were some pumice stones ashore. Although the detailed location of the crater has not been specified, it is thought that it is located at a shallow seabed with a water depth of about 200 m. It is unknown whether this volcano corresponds to the southwest extension of the Kirishima volcanic belt.^[100][101].

Daito Islands

Daito IslandsIs located about 400 km east of Okinawa Island. In addition to North Daito Island and Minami Daito Island, there is Okito Daito Island about 140 km south of the sea.^[102].The Pacific OceanThis upper island is not included in the Ryukyu Islands formed on the anticline between the Ryukyu Trench and the Okinawa Trough^[103].

North and South Daito Island is a unique uplift in the worldAtollIs an island. The central part is a lowland with an altitude of 10 m or less, but the surrounding area is surrounded by hills with a height of several tens of meters, and the residents call it "hagu". 1934ToTohoku UniversityGeologists visited Kitadaito Island,ボ ー リ ン グI conducted a survey. It was dug as deep as 430m from the ground, and the depth was comparable to the world's deepest record at that time, but it did not reach the volcanic rock that was thought to be the base. And1980 eraA bowling on the Daito Ridge inbasaltIt was discovered that the age of the limestone that had deposited on its basement was at least about 4800 million years ago. Further remains of bedrockMagneticAs a result of investigatingequatorialIt is thought to have developed as an atoll in the vicinity and moved north due to the movement of the Philippine Sea Plate. Also, when the Philippine Sea plate sinks into the Ryukyu Trench, the plate bends like a wrinkle in front of it, forming a raised portion. This is called the "trench marginal uplift zone", and it is said that about 400 to 600 million years ago, the island approached the uplift zone and changed from subsidence to uplift.^{[104][105][106][107]}.

North and South Daito Island is the southernmost tip of JapanLakeA densely populated area, Minami Daito Island has the largestOikeThere is^[108].. Karst terrain has developed,UvaleRainwater gathered in the depression and a lake was formed. The water level is 1 m, which is almost the same as the sea level and the depth is over 7 m. Due to the limestone topography with many gaps, it was thought that seawater might have invaded the lake at first. HoweverconductivityFrom the measurement results, it is considered that seawater is not mixed with lake water.^[109].

Oki Daito Island is composed of uplift atolls, like North and Minami Daito Island. However, since the highest altitude is 30m, which is lower than that of North/Minami Daito Island, it is considered that it started later than the rising time of North/Minami Daito Island.MeijiFrom the end of the period to the prewar period, the entire island was privately owned by companies,Phosphate rockWas being mined. After the warU.S. ForcesUsed as a training ground forUninhabited islandIs^[110][111].

尖 閣 諸島

尖 閣 諸島Is located about 150 km north of the Yaeyama Islands, and consists of small islands and reefs.East China Sea Ofcontinental shelfBecause it is a group of islands formed in Japan, it does not belong to the Ryukyu Islands like the Daito Islands^[112].

Most of the Senkaku Islands have Miocene gravel and andesite geology,Kuba IslandIs the only volcanic island in the Islands and is composed of basalt. Although a coral reef can be seen around the island, it is surrounded by steep rocks as a whole, forming an almost vertical sea cliff. The name "Senkaku" comes from these steep terrain^[112][113].

1968On the seabed off the Senkaku IslandsoilThe sedimentary layer, which is thought to be a storage layer, has an area of ​​approximately 20 km²Exists over a thickness of about 3 km,Submarine resourcesIt was reported that there is a high possibility that^[114].. After receiving the announcement, 1970ToPeople's Republic of ChinaとTaiwanAsserts sovereignty over the islands and disagrees (→Senkaku Islands Dispute (See)^[115][116].

islands

The Nansei Islands are scattered about 1,200km between southern Kyushu and Taiwan^[5].. Among them, the Satsunan Islands belong to Kagoshima Prefecture, and the islands in Okinawa are said to be Ryukyu Islands.^[117].. Area belonging to the Nansei Islands 0.01km²The total number of the above islands is 198, 38 in the Satsunan Islands and 160 in the Ryukyu Islands.^[1].

climate

SouthwesternclimateIt is,Köppen climate classificationaccording toWest JapanSame asWarm and humid climate Belongs to (Cfa)^[119].. But surrounded by the sea,KuroshioIs greatly affected byNahaThe annual average temperature of 23 degrees Celsius is warm for more than half of the year and is warmer in winter than in other parts of Japan, and the changes in the four seasons are unclear. Therefore, because it is an intermediate climate between tropical and temperate,Subtropical climate^{[Note 3]}It is generally said that^[120].

temperature

9-12 ℃ of the Nansei Islands,Daily rangeIt is the smallest value in Japan along with 4-5℃, and it shows the characteristics of oceanic climate.^[121].. In the summer North PacificNorth Pacific HighThe western edge of theOgasawara Highと 呼 ば れ る^[120][122].. The summer when it is covered by the Ogasawara high pressure has a hot and humid climate, but since it is located on the sea, the maximum temperature is not so high compared to Honshu.Ikema Island36.7℃, as of 2009)^[123][124].. The warmest month is July, one month earlier than August in Honshu. This will take Honshu around Julyrainy seasonOn the south side of the front, it is considered that the Ogasawara High that expands northward covers the Nansei Islands and creates a significant downdraft.^[123][125].. On the contrary, in winterEurasiaでSiberian high pressureFrom the continentHimalayasCold stopped southward by(I.e.Goes around the Nansei Islands^[123][126].. The average temperature during this period is 16℃, which is at least about 10℃, but the lowest temperature in the history of observation in Okinawa Prefecture was observed on January 1963, 1.Kumejima2.7 ℃ (January 2016, 1 24:11 pm(Japan Standard Time）Now^[127]), the freezing point does not reach below freezing^[123][124].. The coldest month is January like Honshu^[123].

Precipitation/Cloud

Okinawa Prefecture from mid-May to late Junerainy seasonseason(Okinawa Meteorological Observatory^[128]According to the report, the average season for the rainy season from 1981 to 2010 is May 5, and the end of the rainy season is June 9. ) And a large amount of precipitation during the typhoon approach period from July to October, accounting for about 6% of the annual precipitation^[123].Indochina PeninsulafrommonsoonReaches near the Nansei Islands, increases the frequency of cumulonimbus with contact with the cold air mass in the north, and begins the Baiu front in the south of the Nansei Islands.^[129].. Furthermore, due to the generation of low pressure,Warm and humid flowBrings heavy rain to the Nansei Islands^[123].. However, the 20-30 degree north latitude where the Nansei Islands are locatedMid-latitude high pressure zoneExists,DesertThere are many dry areas. As the location and power of the high-pressure zone fluctuate depending on the season, the Nansei Islands are affected by light rain.Drought,DroughtMay be hit by^[120][130].. Actually Okinawa Prefecture 1963Drought, limited water supply due to drought for about one year from July 1981 (Showa 56-57 Okinawa droughtExperience)^[131].

In the Nansei Islands, snowfall is limited to the northernmost Osumi Islands^[132]. 19772/17ToJapanese Meteorological AgencyIs the first time in OkinawaSnowfallWas observed on Kumejima^[133],this is"SleetIt is not an official record of the so-called "snow"^[134]. 20161/24In Amami Oshima 19012/12Since the snow^[135]I also observed the second sleet on Kumejima and the first on Okinawa Island.^[136].

From December to late June after the rainy season, the total cloud amount in Naha is 12-6%^[137]And, it is easy to continue on a very cloudy day. From around December in winter, the cloud amount becomes large due to the generation of streak cumulus when the dry cold air of the continent passes through the East China Sea where the water temperature is relatively high. From February to March spring, warm air pushes the front to the north, and low pressure (East China Sea low) is likely to occur in the East China Sea, causing snowfall on the Pacific side of Honshu.^[134][138].. In addition, a stagnation front occurred due to the passage of low pressure throughout Japan in April, causing long rain called “rapeseed rainy season”.^[139], The Nansei Islands also pass through mobile high pressure, so it may be fine day^[140][141].. In May, the so-called “Mainland Japan”May clear,” but the rainy season front begins to form in the sea near the Nansei Islands.^[142][143].. And in July, when the rainy season is over, the most stable sunny day of the year continues, and it is a period of low rainfall with high temperature dryness.^[124][125].

typhoon

The Nansei IslandsTyphoon ginza'^[120][145]Is calledtyphoonApproaching/passing through^{[Note 4]}Is a region with a lot of. According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, during the period from 1981 to 2010, the annual number of typhoons was 25.6, while the number of annual approaches to the mainland was 5.5, and the southwestern islands south of the Tokara Islands were 7.6.^[146].. In addition, the number of typhoons increases from July to October and reaches the maximum in August. Along with that, the number of approaches is highest in August. However, the maximum number of records of the maximum wind speed and the daily minimum sea level pressure within the top 7 observations (from the beginning of the observation to 10) is highest in September. In other words, a strong typhoon can easily approach the Nansei Islands around September. Around August, the northern limit of the typhoon generation areaフィリピンAlthough it will be on the northern sea, typhoons reaching Okinawa are often under development. Around September, the typhoon generation area moves southward compared to August, and the typhoon at its peak tends to attack when approaching. In addition, there is a point where the course of the typhoon changes from the west to the east (referred to as the turning point of the typhoon), and in August it is near Honshu and in September it moves southward to the Nansei Islands. Since the typhoon has the maximum power at this turning point and the traveling speed is often small,^[147], It is thought that the frequency of low-speed typhoons invading Okinawa around September will increase with the typhoon holding the most power.^[145].

Words that represent the seasons

In Okinawa, the rain and wind that appear at the transition of the seasons from a long time ago are expressed in a unique way. For example, Ningachikajimai (““February (Old calendar)Of the wind'), Kurchibeh ()Summer solstice south wind.. Strong winds blow from the south during this time. ), in the autumn of October to November, Nininishi (new north wind, the first north wind that blows in late summer) and Takanu Shibai (hawk OfPee.SashibaIt is a time for a flock of birds to winter in Okinawa, and it is easy to get light rain when the north wind blows. ), the cold wave in late December was Tungy Bisa (winter solsticeThe cold wave around February is the Moochybysa (MoochyIs said to beMoon peachWrapped in leavesMochiTheLunar calendar November 12Because of the custom of eating and eating (late January-early February of the new calendar)^[148].. ) And many other words^{[124][134][149][150]}.

Major cities

List major cities in the Nansei Islands. Data as of July 2020, 12.

• Core city

Naha(316,377 people)

• Othercity

Okinawa City(142,047 people)Uruma City(122,140 people)Urasoe City(115,659 people)Ginowan City(99,192 people)Miyakojima City(52,440 people)Ishigaki(48,170 people)Amami(41,096 people)Nishinoomote(14,718 people)

• 

  Naha(Okinawa main island）

• 

  Okinawa City(Okinawa main island)

• 

  Miyakojima City(Miyakojima）

• 

  Ishigaki(Ishigakijima）

• 

  Amami(Amami archipelago）

• 

  Nishinoomote(Osumi Islands）

footnote

注 釈

Source

References

• Kadokawa Japan Place Name Dictionary Compilation Committee Edition "Kadokawa Japan Geographic Names Dictionary 46. ​​Kagoshima Prefecture” Kadokawa Shoten, 1991.ISBN-4 04 001460-X-
• Kadokawa Japan Geographic Names Dictionary compilation committee edition "Kadokawa Japan Geographic Names Dictionary 47. Okinawa Prefecture" Kadokawa Shoten, 1991.ISBN-4 04-001470-7
• Heibonsha Regional Resource Center EditionJapanese history place name systemVolume XNUMX, Okinawa Prefecture Place Name" 平凡 社, 2002.ISBN-4 582-49048-4
• Secretariat for the publication of the Encyclopedia of Okinawa University "Okinawa University Encyclopedia" Okinawa Times, 1983.National bibliographic number:84009086
• Nichigai Associates, "Encyclopedia of Islands" Nichigai Associates, 1991.ISBN-4 8169-1113-8
• Edited by Masaaki Sugada "Japanese Island Encyclopedia" Sankosha, 1995.ISBN-4 87919-554-5
• Kazuro Nakamura et al., “Natural Areas of Japan, 8 Southern Islands” Iwanami Shoten, 1996.ISBN-4 00-007938-7
• Machida HiroshiOthers "Topography of Japan 7 Kyushu and Nansei Islands" University of Tokyo Press, 2001.ISBN-4 13-064717-2
• Kunihiko Nakata "Geography of Okinawa" Toyo Planning Studio, 2009.ISBN 978-4-938984-68-7
• Atsuaki Kamiya, “The Ryukyu Islands Monogatari Stratum and Fossil Telling the History of 2007 Million Years” Border Ink, XNUMX.ISBN 978-4-89982-116-8
• Toshio Kawana "Topography of the Ryukyu Archipelago" Nova Book Publishing <Series Okinawa Nature 3>, 1988.National bibliographic number:88030779
• Yuzo Kato "Earthquakes will occur in Okinawa" Border Inc., 1995.National bibliographic number:96050478
• Hatsuki Takara, Masakazu Sasaki "Meteorology and Weather in Okinawa" Mugisha, 1990.National bibliographic number:90016176
• Ministry of Internal Affairs and CommunicationsStatistics Bureau "22 Census Final Report Japan's Population and Households (Second Volume-Statistical Table)" General FoundationJapan Statistical Association, 2014.ISBN 978-4-8223-3771-1
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismGeographical Survey Institute “22 National Prefectural City Areas”, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Geographical Survey Institute, 2011.
• Ministry of ConstructionGeospatial Information Authority of Japan Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, 1981 Map of the Geographical Survey Institute (Ministry of Construction), XNUMX.National bibliographic number:82003525
• Anjo Tatsuhiko, Warita Ikuo "Survey and research on wide-area place names and their ranges in Japan (PDF) "Marine Information Department Technical Report" Vol. 27,Japan Coast GuardMarine Information Department, March 2009, pp. 3-9, ISSN 13481053, NOT 40016750826, NDLJP:3530709,2016/1/29Browse.

Related item

• (I.e.,Island country
• Japanese archipelago,Native, Remote island
• Geography of japan,Region of Japan,List of islands in Japan
• Nankai Islands offshore earthquake
• "Amami Oshima, Tokunoshima, Northern Okinawa Island and Iriomote Island"- world Natural Heritage SiteArea recommended as a candidate
• Southern Islands

外部 リンク

• Tanegashima Tourism Association
• Yakushima Tourism Association
• Kagoshima Prefecture Toshima Village Official Website
• Amami Islands Tourism and Products Association
• Discover remote islands in Okinawa! DOR39 -Okinawa Prefecture Culture and Tourism Sports Department Tourism Promotion Division

In this item,JapanOne in JapanRegionIs explained. For other usages, seeChina (Avoid ambiguity)."

Chugoku(Chugokuchiho) isRegion of JapanOne of theHonshuLocated in the westRegion.populationMost and largestcityIt is,HiroshimaIt is inHiroshima city.

Overview

Origin of the name

「中国」地方というDesignationの由来ははっきりしていない。Japanese mythToReeds china（あしはらのなかつくに）または豊葦原中国（とよあしはらのなかつくに）が日本全体のNameとして登場している。一説にはAncient times,KinaiAroundRegulatory countryTo近国""Chugoku""Distant countryIt is said that most of this region corresponds to "China" when it is distinguished into "".^[1].

Notation-pronunciation共に等しいChugoku(CurrentPeople's Republic of ChinaとRepublic of ChinaTo distinguish it from other areas that are controlled byRegion of Japanとは異なり「地方」を省略することは現在では少ないが、かつての日本では中国地方を単に「中国」と呼んだ例もある。その一方、Mamiya Rinzoの資料を用いてがbookした間宮林蔵述村上貞助編『』では、「日本」と対置する用語として大陸を「中国」と呼んだ事例もあり^[2],Edo Periodまでは「中国」という言葉は多義的に用いられた。Meiji Era OfUchimura Kanzo TheHiroshimaWith peopleYamaguchi人を「中国人」と呼んだ。一方現在混同しやすい大陸中国のことは、ではAncient indiaが中国を称した「チーナ」の「China""Aurora""真丹」を用いており、日本の仏教界でもこれらの用語を用いてきた。仏教界以外では、「唐土（もろこし）」の用語も用いられていた。江戸時代中期にWestern Europeでの呼称Sinae(Latin) Has been used in the Buddhist world as an AtejiChina」が発見され、明治期以降、歴代のdynasty名とは別に、地域的呼称、通時代・王朝的汎称として大陸中国を「支那」と言い換えることが行われ、日本人にとっての「中国」は日本の「中国地方」の意味合いが強まった。

literature上の早い例は、Southern Dynasty : Shohei4 years/North morning : Sadakazu5 years( 1349)Naoyuki Ashikaga Bitchu,Bingo,Aki,Suo,Nagato,Izumo,Houki,Inabaの8カ国を成敗する「中国探題」として見られる（「Teacher record""Taiheki」）こと、翌 1350ToKono Moroyasu Naoyuki AshikagaSubjugationに「発向中国（ちゅうごくにはっこうす）」（「」）、 1354ToGeneral義詮 細川頼有に「中国凶徒退治」を命じた（「」）こと等。Northern and Northern Dynasties中頃には中央の支配者層に、現在の中国地方（時には四国を含めた範囲）がほぼ「中国」として認識されていた。また、中央政治権力にとって敵方地、あるいは敵方との拮抗地域であった^[3].Tensho10 years( 1582) HasHideyoshi ToyotomibyChinese big buckと称された軍団大移動もあった。とはいえ、この当時の「中国」の呼称は俗称に過ぎず、日本の八地方制度の1つとして「中国地方」とされるのはTaisho era以降である。大陸において「中国」と称する国（Republic of China）が成立した明治末期において、日本ではPrefectureは「行政上の区画」とされており、地方区分は、当時「地理上の区画」と呼ばれたRegulatory countryの区分をもとに、Goki eight roadsWas being used.

In addition,Travel industryCentered onSea of ​​JapanIs the name of the sideSan'inとSeto Inland SeaIs the name of the sideSanyoTogetherSanin Sanyo regionThe name (saninsanyochiho) is sometimes used."陰陽'There is also a case called (inyo)^[4]、特に山陰と山陽を結ぶtransportationについては、古くから「」という語句が用いられている^{[Annotation 1]}.

Eastern countryAgainstWestern countrySometimes called (Saigoku), it is an exception in modern times, but it is a name that was often used in the past.Also, in a wider areaShikoku regionTogether withChugoku / Shikoku regionSometimes called (Chugoku-Shikoku).

Geography

climate

climateは、山陰と山陽で大きく異なる。はlatitudeの割にcoldなのが特徴で、Tohoku regionSame aselevationの地点より低いtemperatureTheObservationする場合もある。山陰はSea of ​​Japan side climateso,Winter:TosnowThere are many.The whole area of ​​Tottori prefecture, the inland area of ​​Shimane prefecture, the northern part of Okayama prefecture, and the northern part of Hiroshima prefectureHeavy snowfallIt has become.On the other hand, SanyoSeto Inland Sea climateAnd throughout the year(I.e.が少ないが、山口県・広島県など西部ではrainy seasonToWarm and humid flowの影響を受けやすく(I.e.May be.

terrain

IsChugoku MountainsBut,Yamaguchi From the eastShimane Southern partHiroshimaThrough the northTottoriSouthern partOkayama北部まで延びる。Highest peakIn TottoriMt. OoyamaAt 1729m.

Mountain

main(I.e.

• Mt. Ooyama
• Sanpei mountain
• Ulsan

River

mainriver

• Enokawa

Hino River Chiyo River(River flowing to the Sea of ​​Japan) Ota River Asahikawa Takahashi River Yoshii River Ashida River Numata River(River flowing to the Seto Inland Sea)

land

main平野

• Izumo Plain
• Okayama Plain

basin

• Tsuyama Basin
• Miyoshi basin

coastal

main浜

• Tottori sakyu

Chugoku region range

Tottori-Shimane -Okayama-Hiroshima-Yamaguchi 5PrefectureConsists of^[5].. In addition,Administration上の管轄としてはJapanese Meteorological AgencyExcept for Yamaguchi PrefectureJapan Coast GuardIs in the northwestern part of Yamaguchi Prefecture,Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismMaritime office TheShimonosekiexcept for.

For convenience,HyogoSouthwestern part (formerlyHarima country) And the north (old)Tajima country) May be included.

population

■Ranking-population-Proportion The 2015Census確定値による^[6].

Age structure

Population by age group
Estimated population as of October 2004, 10
Total [Thousands]

age	population
0-4 years	344
5 - 9	358
10 - 14	361
15 - 19	396
20 - 24	447
25 - 29	477
30 - 34	537
35 - 39	455
40 - 44	436
45 - 49	468
50 - 54	562
55 - 59	603
60 - 64	520
65 - 69	457
70 - 74	436
75 - 79	370
Over 80 years old	467

Population by age group
Estimated population as of October 2004, 10
Gender [Thousands]

Male	age	Female
177	0-4 years	167
183	5 - 9	175
186	10 - 14	175
203	15 - 19	193
228	20 - 24	219
240	25 - 29	237
267	30 - 34	270
223	35 - 39	232
214	40 - 44	222
232	45 - 49	236
281	50 - 54	281
298	55 - 59	305
248	60 - 64	272
211	65 - 69	246
194	70 - 74	242
153	75 - 79	217
146	Over 80 years old	321

• Data source:Table 10 / Prefectures, Age (5 years old), Population by Gender-Total Population
  (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Statistics Bureau)

Major cities

中国地方五県の主要cityを掲載する。

Government-designated city

Hiroshima city(1,198,356 people)Okayama City(720,221 people)

Core city

Kurashiki(475,203 people)Fukuyama City(459,821 people)Shimonoseki(253,701 people)Kure(213,198 people)Matsue(202,293 people)Tottori City(187,620 people)

Special city at the time of enforcement

No applicable city

Other

Other than the abovePrefectural office location

Yamaguchi City(193,955 people)

Regional area

History

(In this section, the continental "ChugokuIn order to distinguish it from "Chugoku region", it is written as "San'in Sanyo". )

Ancient times

3st centuryToKinkiでYamato kingshipWhen was established, the political forces of Sanin Sanyo near Kinki quickly joined the Yamato kingdom.Sanyo's, which was the two major spheres of influence at that timeKibi countryAnd SaninIzumoWhile maintaining independence, it also maintained a power balance with the Yamato kingdom, and in the Nara periodKibi MabiProduced high-ranking officials.However, the Yamato kingdom, which felt a sense of crisis about the prosperity of Kibi Province, divided Kibi Province and lost its power.

Heian period

10st century OfTenkei3 years( 940)By the time,KantoでTaira Shomon KinaiAgainst the administration反 乱When you wake up, in SanyoJun FujiwaraRebelled against the Kinai administration (Johei Tenkei no Ran).

Kamakura period-Muromachi period

Kamakura PeriodからMuromachi PeriodUp toMurakami SuigunWas based in the Seto Inland Sea.Fitting trade in the Muromachi period (Nichimei Trading) In the Seto Inland SeaPirateWe arePiratesBecomeKorean PeninsulaLooted in the vicinity.In this region, Mr. Yamana in Sanin and Mr. Ouchi and Mr. Akamatsu in Sanyo came to have great power in the war of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.ShogunYoshimitsu AshikagaSucceeded in halving these powers, but when the power of the Muromachi Shogunate declined, it became stronger again.Onin's rebellionContributed to

Warring States period-Edo period

Sengoku periodIn this region, guardian daimyos such as Ouchi, Takeda, Yamana, and Akamatsu often became warring lords, but when Amago, who overcame Kyogoku, became the guardian of Izumo, he became a guardian of nine countries. ..16st centuryIn the first halfMr. OuchiFrom Sanin SanyoNorthern KyushuStraddle the sphere of influence and become its baseYamaguchiIs "Saikyo" (Western京都) Was prosperous.Yoshitaka Ouchi Guardian fee OfTohru KenWhen he committed suicide due to his rebellion, he gained power among the people of Aki.Motonari Mori Dow,AmakoDestroyed and conquered Sanin Sanyo.Mr. Mouri is in the south central part of SanyoHiroshimaSince then, Hiroshima has become the number one city in the vast area controlled by Mr. Mori, which extends to Sanin Sanyo.Mr. Mouri remained in power under the Toyotomi administration with almost no damage.

However,Keicho5 years( 1600)ofBattle of SekigaharaAnd the western armyMitsunari Ishida Tokugawa IeyasuLost to the eastern army ledTerumoto MoriAlsoOsaka CastleWhen you move out, you will be based in HiroshimaHagiMoved to (Choshu clan), The territory also responded to the East ArmyHirokawa YoshikawaWas to be addressed toSuo-NagatoIt was reduced to two countries.In addition to this, BizenUkita HideyaWas also reformed because he was on the side of the Western Army.

Edo PeriodWhen it became, daimyo of various sizes came to occupy.As the main clanTottori Domain,Matsue Domain,Hamada domain,Tsuwano Clan,Okayama Domain,Tsuyama Domain,Fukuyama Domain,Hiroshima Domain,Iwakuni,ClanThere is.Of these, the Ikeda clan of the Tottori clan and the Okayama clan are related to Ieyasu Tokugawa, and the Fukuyama clan is the maternal cousin of Ieyasu Tokugawa.Mizuno KatsunariThe reliability of the shogunate was also high, such as being distributed.EspeciallyOkayamaとHiroshimaHelped the clan's economic development, and became one of the top ten in Japan in the latter half of the Edo period.castle townHas grown to

From the end of the Edo period to World War II

BakumatsuからMeiji RestorationIn the turbulent periodEdo ShogunateWas burning hostility towardsChoshu clanLed the defeat movement from beginning to end.For this reason, the Choshu clan created many human resources in the Japanese political world during the Meiji era.Tsuwano ClanIn the early Meiji eraWest Zhou,Mori OgaiProduced intellectuals such as.

By Western powersColonyAs the transformation progresses all over the worldMeiji government TheWealthy soldiersHe took a policy and escaped colonization.at that time,Korean Peninsula,ChugokuSanyo, which is close toKitakyushuIt is,Economy,MilitaryIt also became a key point in. 1894(Meiji27 years)Sino-Japanese warOccurs,Imperial AssemblyとOmotoIs extraordinaryHiroshimaSince then, Hiroshima has moved toLogisticsIt also became a munitions city.Also located near HiroshimaKure,EtajimaAlso became the home of the Imperial Japanese Navy.Is this the effect?Second World WarJust before the end of the war, in Hiroshima, the military cityU.S. ForcesByAtomic bombWas dropped, Okayama,Kure, Tokuyama,Shimonoseki,FukuyamaAll major cities at that time were hit by heavy air raids.

After World War II

High economic growthIn the period, generallyEast JapanでCenterBarrelTokyoLarge in Sanin Sanyo due to the influx of population into地殻It did not lead to fluctuations.

In the 1970s,Kakuei TanakaIf the administration advocates "redistribution to rural areas," the transportation network will be improved in Sanin Sanyo.Sanyo ShinkansenIt is, 1972ToOkayama stationOpen up to 1975(Showa50 years)

In addition, after the period of high economic miracle, "DepopulationとOvercrowdingBecame apparent, and the trunk line that crosses the Sanin Sanyo regionhighwayIs one ofChinese motorwayIt is,Tsuyama,Niimi,three timesIt was constructed as a route that goes through mountainous areas such as.Sanyo ExpresswayAll of 1997(HeiseiIt was the end of 9 years.Around this time, 1988ToSeto Ohashi BridgeBut, 1999ToShimanami KaidoWas opened, but the result was that the gap between Sanin and Sanyo became wider.

さ ら に,Bubble economyWhen it goes bankrupt 1996AfterDeflationProgress andBad debtProcessing,Suburb型Shopping centerCoupled with the prosperity of the region, the entire region suffered from a recession.

In recent years, while the cities on the Sanyo side have been booming again, the severe situation has continued in the cities on the Sanin side and in the mountainous areas, and urgent measures to correct the disparity are required.

Economy

Gross production

Gross domestic product in the Chugoku region in 19 was 29 billion yen.^[7]. this isアラブ 首長 国 連邦 OfGDPIt is larger than the world and has an economic scale equivalent to the 30th largest "country" in the world.^[8].

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

In Tottori prefecturepearCultivationOkayama PlainThen.Muscat,peachCultivationHiroshima BayAnd so onOysterAquaculture is actively carried out.

Industrial

Seto Inland SeaVarious light and heavy factories are located along the coastSetouchi Industrial AreaIs forming.this house,Heavy industryAs a zone,Mizushima(Kurashiki),Fukuyama,TokuyamaIt can be seen in.In addition, the shipbuilding industry was thriving and it was a military port.KureAnd prospered as a port cityShimonosekiThere is a shipyard in such places.

Company name bearing "China"

• China Electric Power
• Bank of China
• West China Shinkin Bank
• Chinese bus
• Chinese newspaper
• China broadcasting

Manufactured product shipment value, etc.(2011 Industrial Statistics^[9]）

• Chugoku: 24 yen

Education

University

National public university

private university

Junior college

public

• Shimane Prefectural University Junior College
• Kurashiki City Junior College
• Niimi Public Junior College

private

College of technology

• Yonago National College of Technology
• Matsue National College of Technology
• Tsuyama National College of Technology
• Kure National College of Technology
• Tokuyama National College of Technology
• Ube National College of Technology
• Oshima College of Technology

Educational facilities outside the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

• China Vocational Ability Development College (Independent Administrative Institution under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare)
• Shimane Vocational Ability Development Junior College attached to China Vocational Ability Development College (Independent Administrative Institution under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare)
• Fukuyama Vocational Ability Development Junior College attached to China Vocational Ability Development College (Independent Administrative Institution under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare)
• Coast Guard College(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismEducational training facility）
• Fisheries University(Ministry of AgricultureIncorporated administrative agency under the jurisdiction)

Transportation

Overview

Chugoku region平野,basinIs narrow and few, so the development of the transportation network is lagging behind.

highwayIs a north-south connecting line (Sanin and Sanyo) IsJunctionEast-west trunk line every timeChugoku region vs.Kinki-Kyusyu), And then re-enters the connecting line.Furthermore, the expressway that serves as the connecting line between Sanin and Sanyo isHighway(National Route 53,National Route 54), So convenience and solidarity between regions are poor.

CurrentlyChinese crossing motorway OfHiroshimaとShimaneOnomichi Matsue Line, which connectsHyogoとTottoriThe two lines of the Himeji Tottori Line that connectNew direct control methodSince it is under construction and the toll will be free after the opening, the municipalities along the line are expecting to improve the vitality of the area.AlsoSan'in ExpresswayAlso, many sectionsGeneral national road motorwayEfforts are being actively made toward the opening of all lines, such as the decision to develop the system.

Like highways, railroads are often inconvenient for north-south travel.The main routes areHakubi Line,Chizu Express Chizu LineEtc. are mainly used, but rather than moving within the regionTokyo-OsakaSince the route is set in the direction, it may be a detour depending on the location.In fact,MatsueFrom the directionHiroshimaIf you go in the directionKisetsu Line-Geibi LineThe route is clearly a short cut, but due to the small number of trains, users are on the highway bus.

The delay in the development of transportation infrastructure in this region is regarded as a problem by the business community, and the aim is to connect the prefectural capitals of the five prefectures in the shortest possible time.Conventional lineとShinkansenCan be directly connectedFree gauge trainAndHiroshima West AirfieldCentered onCommuter aviationThere are requests for new transportation systems through the network.

• 20113/9 : Hiroshima City CouncilThe draft ordinance for the establishment of "Hiroshima City Airport" was rejected by a small number of people.As a result, it was virtually decided that Hiroshima West Airport would be closed 50 years after its opening.Japan's first example of an airport that had a regular route was abolished without relocation^{[Annotation 5]}.

空港

The number of domestic passengers in the Chugoku region as a whole has been on a slight downward trend in recent years, falling below the 2005 million mark to 700 million passengers / year in 697.9.The number of international passengers has reached 53.8 / year, showing an increasing trend.

• Source isMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismAviation BureauAirport management status report(FY2008)
• Charter flightsIncluding the number of passengers
• Three major metropolitan areasFlights toTaizi
• Number of passengers at airports nationwideAirports in Japan#Passengersreference

Train

For JR linesKanmon tunnelsection(Sanyo Main LineShimonoseki Station~Moji Station) Except forJR West JapanFor conventional linesOld railwayRailway Management BureauDraw the flow ofOkayama branch,Hiroshima branch,Yonago branchIs located by region and has jurisdiction over the shared area.It should be noted thatShinkansenaboutShinkansen Railway Business HeadquartersIs in direct control.

Private railways are commonTrain-OrbitIn addition to those doing business, in Hiroshima prefectureHiroshima ExpresswayOperated byNew transportation systemとSkyrail serviceOperated bymonorailThere is one transportation route close to.Of the routes operated by Hiroshima Rapid TransitHondori Station~Shin-Shirashima StationThere is an underground line between them, but from Hondori stationKenchomae StationOnly between are licensed for railway business and subway construction assistance,Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismOnly in this section in the statistical data ofsubwayIs treated as.Chugoku region and next doorShikoku regionThis is the only section that is considered to be a subway, including the subway.

Private railways that operate passengers exist in all five prefectures, of which pure private capital is used.Ichibata train,Okayama Electric Tramway,Hiroshima Electric Railway, Skyrail Service only, other operators have suspended the operation and construction of routes separated from JNR / JRUnfinished lineEstablished with a partial investment by a local public body for the opening of the city, the improvement of urban transportation, and the development of the coastal industrial area.Third sectorIt has become.

Only own the facilityType XNUMX railway operator, And iron track businessPublic transportDoes not exist. JRUno LineAfter the improvement work completed in 2009 for (Seto Ohashi Line)Seto Ohashi high-speed railway possessionOwns a part of the railway facility, but since it owns only a part of it, it is not licensed as a third-class railway operator.For public railways, onceKure City Transportation Bureau Kure tramIn addition to runningTamano Municipal Electric RailwayThere were multiple cases including, but all of themShowaIt was abolished from the middle to the latter half.

West Japan Railway Company

General private railway(Including orbit and new transportation system in a broad sense)

Dedicated line / Freight line

• Mizushima Rinkai Railway Koto Line
• Mizushima Rinkai Railway West Pier Line

道路

culture

dialect

The dialects spoken in various parts of the Chugoku regionChinese dialect(Hiroshima dialect-Yamaguchi dialect-Okayama dialectetcUnhaku dialectClassified as (Izumo dialect, etc.), bothWestern Japanese dialectBelongs to.Accents are in most areasTokyo accentIt depends on "you" and "toru".aspectThe distinction between the two and the connection particle "ken / kee" of the reason are characteristic.Sanin dialectとSanyo dialectThere are also elements that conflict with each other.

Sports

baseball

• Professional baseball
  • Hiroshima Toyo Carp
• Adult baseball

サ ッ カ ー

rugby

• Japan Rugby Top Challenge League
  • Pine Doubles Somers
  • China Electric Power Red Legions

volleyball

basketball

• Japan Professional Basketball League
  • Shimane Susanoo Magic
  • Hiroshima Dragon Fries

Table tennis

• T League (table tennis)　(Men)
  • Okayama Ribbets

handball

soft ball

American football

• X League
  • Serio Standing Bears

hockey

• Kansai League

Athletics

footnote

注 釈

Source

Related item

• Chugoku / Shikoku region
• Setouchi region
• Setouchi Industrial Area
• Western country
• Yin Yang connecting line

Coordinate: 35°03'N 134°04'E /35.050 degrees north latitude 134.067 degrees east longitude / 35.050; 134.067